DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

디지털 학습자료에 대한 교육신경학적 이해와 교육적 시사점

Education-neurological Understanding of Digital Learning Materials and Implications for Education

  • 조주연 (서울교육대학교 교육학과) ;
  • 김미현 (서울교육대학교 교육심리학과)
  • Cho, Joo-Yun (Seoul National University of Education, Dept. of Education) ;
  • Kim, Mi-Hyun (Seoul National University of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology)
  • 투고 : 2020.09.17
  • 심사 : 2020.10.14
  • 발행 : 2020.12.31

초록

이 연구는 뇌과학과 교육을 접목하는 교육신경학의 관점에 기초한 연구이다. 이 관점에 기초하여 디지털 학습자료 활용의 뇌과학적 근거를 확인함과 아울러 교육적 시사점을 도출하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 이 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 결론으로 제시하면, 다음과 같다. 첫째, 디지털 학습자료를 통한 다양한 감각 자극은 다중감각신경, 상구 심층부 등을 거치며 협동적 정보처리를 가능하게 한다. 둘째, 디지털 학습자료로 인한 간접경험은 거울신경계를 거쳐 학습 내용을 생생하게 이해하도록 도와준다. 셋째, 디지털 학습자료들이 일으킨 긍정적인 감정은 도파민, 망상활성체계, 전두 선조체, 대뇌 피질 등의 기능을 활성화시켜 준다. 이 연구의 결과를 통해 제시되는 교육적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사는 디지털 학습자료를 선정할 때 표현 양식, 학습 내용, 수업의 흐름 및 역기능 측면까지 고려해야 한다. 둘째, 수업 장면에 따라 다양한 디지털 학습자료를 호기심과 즐거움의 유발, 흥미와 노력의 유지, 학습한 내용에 대한 복습의 목적으로 사용하는 것은 수업 효과를 위해 바람직하다.

This study establishes the scientific basis for the use of digital learning materials through the education-neurological research method and derives implications for education based on education-neurological understandings. The main findings of the education-neurological analysis of digital learning materials are as follows: First, various sensory stimuli go through multiple sensory neurons and deep sections of the upper sphere and make possible the cooperative processing of information. Second, indirect experience from digital learning materials helps students understand the learning contents vividly through the mirror neuron system. Third, positive emotions originating from digital learning materials promote functions of dopamine, the reticular activating system, frontal-striatal circuit, cerebrum cortex. Based on the findings, the study suggests the following educational implications. First of all, when selecting digital learning materials, teachers should consider expression forms, learning contents, the flow of classes, and the adverse effects of digital learning materials. Next, it is effective to utilize digital learning materials in the lecture for provoking curiosity and enjoyment, maintaining interest and effort, and reviewing what students learned.

키워드

과제정보

본 연구는 2020년도 서울교육대학교 교내 연구비에 의하여 연구되었음.

참고문헌

  1. Baek, W. S., & Kim, M. J.(0215). The Effects of Utilizing Video Clips on Young Children's Scientific Interests and Scientific Concepts. Journal of Children's Media & Education, 14(4), 1-24.
  2. Baek, Y. K.(2010). Educational Methods and Technology, Hakjisa.
  3. Banich, M. T.(2008). Cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology(2nd. Ed). A translated version of Kim, M. S., Kang, E. J., Kang, Y. W., & Kim, H. T.(2009). Cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology, Sigmapress.
  4. Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W.(1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50(1), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
  5. Chavez, R. S., & Heatherton, T. F.(2014). Multimodal frontostriatal connectivity underlies individual differences in self-esteem. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(3), 364-370. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsu063
  6. Cho, J. Y.(1996). Teacher's Attention-getting strategies Based on Cognitive Science Discoveries. The Journal of Korea Elementary Education, 8(2), 219-242.
  7. Cho, J. Y.(1998). Educational Applications of Cognitive Sciences Discoveries about Learning/Memory. The Journal of Elementary Education, 12(2), 153-179.
  8. Cho, J. Y.(2001). Principles and Methodology of the Brain-Based Creativity Education, Journal of Student Guidacne, 27, 115-141.
  9. Cho, J. Y., & Kang, M. S.(2014). Significance and Directions of the Instruction which Applied the Advanced Organizer: Based on the Brain Science Research. The Journal of Elementary Education, 27(2), 1-25.
  10. Cho, J. Y., & Lee, B. S.(2001). The Human Brain Mechanism of Emotion and Directions of Emotion Education in the Elementary School. The Journal of Elementary Education, 14(3), 391-410.
  11. Cho, J. Y., & Lee, E. J.(2012). Understanding of Long Term Potentiation (LTP) in Hippocampus and Educational Implications. The Journal of Elementary Education, 25(2),307-329.
  12. Cho, J. Y., & Lee, E. J.(2019). A Study on the Possibility of Establishing Educational Neurology as Part of the Expansion of Educational Research Horizon. The Journal of Elementary Education, 32(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.29096/jee.32.1.01
  13. Choi, H. S.(2011). All human emotion, Seoheamunjip.
  14. Ghazanfar, A. A., & Schroeder, C. E.(2006). Is neocortex essentially multisensory?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10(6), 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.04.008
  15. Gopnik, A., Meltzoff, A. N., & Kuhl, P. K.(1999). The scientist in the crib: Minds, brains, and how children learn. William Morrow&Co.
  16. Ishiura Shoichi(2009). 10 Lifestyles That Will Always Make You Old, A translated version of Park, J. H. Reset, Brain, Yeolemsa.
  17. Jensen, E.(2005). Teaching with the Brain in Mind. A translated version of Kwon, H. K.(2011). Brain-based teaching and learning, Muemsa.
  18. Joo, Y. J., Choi, S. H., & Kwon, C. J.(2001). English Education and Multimedia, Namdoodoseo.
  19. Kang, M. S.(2019). An interpretation of executive function based on the educational neurology. Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University of Education.
  20. Kim, A. M.(2018). An Exploratory Study on Children's YouTube Culture-Focusing on Children's Communication Culture. The 6th Symposium on Korean Association for Children's Media & Education, 179-195.
  21. Kim, D. J.(2010). Brain science: Its implications for education and the school curriculum. The Journal of Curriculum Studies, 28(3), 127-145. https://doi.org/10.15708/kscs.28.3.201009.006
  22. Kim, J. Y., & Han, K. J.(2014). Comparison of the Effect of 2D and 3D Action Observation on Arousal and Mirror Neuron Activity. Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association, 8(4), 109-116.
  23. Kim, M. S.(2009). Emotion in Learning Context: Its Origins and Functions. Asian journal of education, 10(1), 73-98. https://doi.org/10.15753/aje.2009.10.1.004
  24. Kim, R. S., Seitz, A. R., & Shams, L.(2008). Benefits of stimulus congruency for multisensory facilitation of visual learning. PLoS ONE, 3(1), 1532.
  25. Kim, S. H., & Park, S. W.(2010). Examining 3D Virtual Environments for Elementary English Language Classroom in South Korea. Journal of Research in Curriculum & Instruction, 14(2), 357-377. https://doi.org/10.24231/rici.2010.14.2.357
  26. Kim, S. R.(2006). A Study on the Text Reduction based on Principles of Cognitive Structure in E-Learning Environment. Brain Education, 1, 99-127.
  27. Kim, Y. K., & Oh, Y. R.(2014). Effects of Math Instruction Using Clip-Type Contents on Elementary Students' Mathematical Learning. Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea, 18(2), 357-377.
  28. Kwon, S. W., Kwon, S. H., & Kwon, Y. J.(2018). Electroencephalographic Characteristics of Virtual Reality-based Life Science Content. Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 18(9), 355-366. https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2018.18.9.355
  29. Lee, B. K., & Doo, K. I.(2015). A Study on the Smart Learning Application Contents UI for Effective Learning. Journal of the Korean Society of Design Culture, 21(3), 471-481.
  30. Lee, J. E., & Yang, E. Y.(2018). A Study on Development of Disney Animation's Box-office Prediction AI Model Based on Brain Science. Journal of Digital Convergence, 16(9), 405-412. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2018.16.9.405
  31. Lee, S. M., & Song, K. S.(2007). The effects of affective feedbacks according to the learner's emotions in e-learning. The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education, 10(4), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.32431/KACE.2007.10.4.012
  32. Lim, H. J., & Yoon, Y. K.(2017). Grit and Preference for Challenging Task: Focusing on the Moderational Effect of Academic Competence on Interest and Effort. The Korean Journal of Educational Methodology Studies, 29(4), 657-675. https://doi.org/10.17927/TKJEMS.2017.29.4.657
  33. Markham, J. A., & Greenough, W. T.(2004). Experience- driven brain plasticity: Beyond the synapse. Neuron Glia Biology, 1(4), 351-364. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740925X05000219
  34. Mayer, R. E.(2009). Multimedia Learning(2nd ed.). A translated version of Kim, D. S., Kwon, S. J., Bang, S. H., & Jeong, H. J.(2012). The Principles of Contents Design, Academypress.
  35. McGovern, J., & Council, B.(1983). Video applications in English language teaching, Pergamon Press.
  36. Moruzzi, G., & Magoun, H. W.(1949). Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Neurophysiology, 1(1), 455-473.
  37. Noh, K. S., & Ju, S. H.(2012). A Preliminary Study on Promoting Policy for New IT Convergence Industry based on Brain Science. Journal of Digital Convergence, 10(5), 199-206. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDPM.2012.10.5.199
  38. Noh, S. J.(2010), Teaching and Learning Strategy. The 6th Symposium on Academic Society of Nursing Education, 133-156.
  39. Park, H. B.(2011). Mirror neuron and Moral Education. Journal of Ethics, 81(1), 263-289. https://doi.org/10.15801/je.1.81.201106.263
  40. Park, S. K., & Lee, E. Y.(2015). The Effect of Elementary Students' Usage of Smartphone, Computer and TV on Academic Attitude. The Korean Society Fishes And Sciences Education, 27(2), 576-588.
  41. Reed, S. K.(2010). Cognition :theories and applications (9th ed.). A translated version of Park, K. S.(2014), Cognition :theories and applications, Sengaging Learning Korea.
  42. Rizzolatti, G., & Craighero, L.(2004). The mirror neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27(3), 169-192. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230
  43. Rizzolatti, G., Fadiga, L., Gallese, V., & Fogassi, L.(1996). Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research, 3, 131-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0926-6410(95)00038-0
  44. Rizzolatti, G., & Fabbri-Destro, M.(2010). Mirror neurons: From discovery to autism. Experimental Brain Research, 200(3), 223-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-009-2002-3
  45. Schultz, P. L., & Quinn, A. S.(2014). Lights, camera, action! Learning about management with student-produced video assignments. Journal of Management Education, 38(2), 234-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/1052562913488371
  46. Seitz, A. R. Kim, R., & Shams, L.(2006). Sound facilitates visual learning. Current Biology, 16(4) 1422-1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.048
  47. Senger, P. L., Oki, A. C., Trevisan, M. S., & Mclean, D. J.(2012). Exploiting Multimedia in Reproductive Science Education: Research Findings. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 47(4), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02053.x
  48. Seomun, G. A., Kim, E. Y., & Noh, W. J.(2012). A Review of Studies on the Health-adverse effects in using Digital Textbooks. Journal of Digital Convergence, 10, 165-175.
  49. Shams, L., & Seitz, A. R.(2008). Benefits of multisensory learning. Trends in Cognitive Science, 12(11), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2008.07.006
  50. Stein, B. E., & Meredith, M. A.(1986). Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in superior colliculus results in multisensory integration. Journal of Neurophyiology, 56(3), 640-662. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.56.3.640
  51. Stein, B. E., & Meredith, M. A.(1993). The merging of the senses, MIT Press.
  52. Suhail, K., & Bargees, Z.(2006). Effects of excessive Internet use on undergraduate students in Pakistan. Cyber psychology & behavior, 19(3), 297- 307. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.297
  53. Torraco, R. J.(2005). Writing integrative literature reviews: Guidelines and examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356-367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484305278283
  54. Tschong, Y. K.(2010). Padagogy in visual generation: educational relationship between picture and video. The Korean Journal of Philosophy of Education, 50, 189-206. https://doi.org/10.15754/jkpe.2010..50.009
  55. Umilta, M. A., Kohler, E., Gallese, V., Fogassi, L., Fadiga, L., Keysers, C., & Rizzolatti, G. I know what you are doing: A neurophysiological study. Neuron, 31(1), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00337-3
  56. Wallace, M. T., Ramachandran, R., & Stein, B. E.(2004). A revised view of sensory cortical parcellation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 101(7), 2167-2172. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0305697101
  57. Xu, J. Yu, L., Rowland, B. A., Stanford, T. R., & Stein, B. E.(2012). Incorporating Cross-Modal Statistics in the Development and Maintenance of Multisensory Integration, The Journal of neuroscience, 32(7), 2287. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4304-11.2012
  58. Yang, I. M. H., & Damasio, A.(2007). We feel, therefore we learn: The relevance of affective and social neuroscience to education, Mind Brain and Education, 1(1) 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-228X.2007.00006.x
  59. Yang, M. H. Kim, E. J.(2010). The Influence of Emotional Regulation on Learning Strategy: mediated by Emotionality. Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 24, 449-467.
  60. Doosan Encyclopedia. http://www.doopedia.co.kr