DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

자동차 그래픽 시뮬레이터에서 사이렌 소리 자극에 따른 청각 자극의 마스킹 효과

The Ability of Auditory Stimuli to Mask Siren Sounds in a Vehicle Graphic Simulator

  • 박정순 (한밭대학교 산업경영공학과) ;
  • 김규범 (한밭대학교 산업경영공학과) ;
  • 조형석 (한밭대학교 산업경영공학과) ;
  • 김경래 (한밭대학교 산업경영공학과) ;
  • 김형준 (한밭대학교 산업경영공학과) ;
  • 민병찬 (한밭대학교 산업경영공학과)
  • 투고 : 2019.06.24
  • 심사 : 2019.08.14
  • 발행 : 2019.09.30

초록

본 연구는 운전 중 외부 소음으로 유발된 스트레스를 줄이기 위한 방법으로 심박변화율의 상관관계 분석의 선행연구와 음원의 주파수에서 운전자로 하여금 안정상태를 유발하는 음악과 소음 발생 시 심전도의 변화 가 있는 지의 여부를 규명하기 위한 목적이다. 매년 자동차의 증가로 인하여 운전자 및 동승자가 외부 소음으로부터 스트레스가 증가하는 추세이다. 자동차 운전 시 외부 소음에 의한 스트레스는 불안, 면역약화, 우울, 심장 질환 등 여러 가지 질병을 일으키고 있다. 따라서 외부 소음으로부터 스트레스를 줄이기 위한 자동차 시뮬레이터를 실시하여 여러 가지 청각 자극을 주어 운전자가 반응하는 연구를 진행하였다. RM-ANOVA (Repeated Measures-ANOVA) 통계분석 결과, 집단별 유의차가 인정되었다(ρ<0.05). 사후 검정을 통해 어떤 요인 간의 차이가 발생하는지를 알아보았다. 사후검정 결과는 요인1(안정)과 요인2(시뮬레이션운전), 요인1(안정)과 요인3(운전+경찰사이렌), 요인1(안정)과 요인4(운전+경찰사이렌+음악)에서 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 있었다. 또한, 교감신경계 활성도가 가장 높은 집단은 운전+경찰사이렌+음악을 실시한 요인 4이며, 다음으로 운전+경찰사이렌인 요인 3이며, 다음으로 운전을 실시한 요인 2, 마지막으로 안정기 순으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 운전 중 경찰 사이렌 소리를 들려주어도 심전도의 변화는 유의차가 인정되지 않았다. 또한, 사이렌 소리에 안정된 주파수의 음악을 들려주어도 심전도의 변화에 차이가 발생하지 않았다(ρ<0.01). 향후 연구에서는 운전 중 심전도의 안정을 찾을 수 있는 여러 가지 음악을 들려주어서 심전도가 안정화되는 음악을 찾는 연구방법이 선행되어야 할 것이다.

We examined previous studies of the correlation analysis of heart rate variability as a method to reduce the stress caused by outside noise during driving, and we investigated whether there are electrocardiographic changes when drivers play music, which provides a stable sound source amid the noise. Because the number of cars increases every year, drivers and passengers show an increase in stress caused by outside noise. The stress from outside noise while a person is driving can cause several disorders, such as anxiety, immunosuppression, depression, and heart disease. Subjects in this study operated a vehicle simulator to reduce the stress from outside noise and were given different auditory stimuli, and we studied the drivers' responses to the stimuli. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant differences between subjects exposed to different auditory stimuli (ρ < 0.05). Through post hoc analyses, we examined these differences. We found significant differences between factor 1 (stability) and factor 2 (simulation driving), between factor 1 (stability) and factor 3 (driving + police siren), and between factor 1 (stability) and factor 4 (driving + police siren + music). In addition, the factor that produced the highest level of sympathetic nervous system activity was factor 4 (driving + police siren + music), followed by factor 3 (driving + police siren), factor 2 (driving), and factor 1 (stability). In conclusion, even when a police siren was heard during driving, there were no significant differences on electrocardiograms (ECGs). In addition, even when the siren was heard over the music, there was no difference on the ECGs (ρ < 0.01). In future studies, investigators should determine which types of music help stabilize the heart rate during driving.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. An, D. S. (2002). Analysis of masking effect of road traffic noise by hydroponics facility. Korean Forest Recreation Museum, 6(4), 9-19.
  2. Bae, N. E., & Choi, I. A. (2018). The Effect of the Noise Level on the stress hormones during aerobic exercise. Journal of Sport and leisure Studies, 905-914.
  3. Broadbent, D, E. (1979). Human Performance and Noise, in C. M. Harris(ed), Handbook of noise control, McGraw-Hill.
  4. Choe, U. G., Lee, G. S., Jeong, H. Y., Lee, Y. C., Son, J. H., Lee, B. H., Byeon, G. H., & Sim, I. S. (2007). Stress response to low frequency noise in hin rats. Emotional Science, 10(3), 411-418.
  5. Kim, J. K., Park, N. H., Jang, G. S., & Ko, I. J. (2008). Auditory impulse by relaxed on Heart rate pattern guidance. Korea HCI symposium, 158-162.
  6. Kim, J. K., Park, N. H., Jang, G. S., & Ko, I. J. (2008). Correlation analyst of music frequence and heart rate variability. Korea Computer Information Association No 28 Summer symposium, 338-341.
  7. Kim, S. S., & Hong, Y. S. (1999). The Stress Hormones Responses Following Music Sound Levels during Aerobic Dances. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, 665-675.
  8. Ko, D. S., & Kim, H. (1993). Investigation and improvement plan of car alarm (Klaxon) sound. Mokwon University, 21, 161-17.
  9. Kwon, S. P. (1985). Environmental Science. Hyungseul publishing, 227, 272-278.
  10. Lee, S. C. (1991). Communicating during car horn and driving. Journal of Traffic Safety Research, 10, 19-27.
  11. Lee, N. H., Park, Y. M., & Seon, U. O. (2001). A Study on Improvement of Prediction of Road Traffic Noise in Environmental Impact Assessment. Korea Environmental Impact Assessment Journal, 10(4), 297-304.
  12. Lowen, & Laura j. Petter suedfeld. (1992). Cognitive and Arousal Effects of masking office noise. Environment and behavior, 24(3), 381-395. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916592243006
  13. Min, C. K. (2013). Study on the masking effect of olfactory stimuli and the effect of highly concentrated oxygen on the autonomic nervous system in a graphic driving simulator. (Master's thesis). Hanbat national University. Daejeon, Korea.
  14. Min, C. K., Ji, D. H., Ko, B. S., Kim, J. S., Lee, D. H., Ryu, T. B., Shin, M. S., Chung, S. C., Min, B. C., & Kang, J. K. (2012). The masking effect according in olfactory stimulus on horns stimulus while driving in graphic driving simulator. Society of korea Industrial and systems engineering, 35(4), 227-234. DOI:10.11627/jkise.2012.35.4.227
  15. Ministry of Land Transportation. (2018). National Statistical Yearbook.
  16. Nantais, K. M., & Schellenberg, E. G. (1999). The Mozart Effect: An Artifact of preference. Psychological Science, 10, 370-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00170
  17. Obelenis, V., & Malinauskiene, V. (2007). The influence of occupational environment and professional factors on the risk of cardiovascular disease. Medicina (Kaunas), 43(2), 96-102. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina43020011
  18. Poulton, E. C. (1979). Composite model for human performance in continuous noise. Psychlogical Review, 86(4), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.86.4.361
  19. Rausher, F. H., Shaw, G. L., & Ky, K. N. (1993). Music and Spatial task Performance. Nature, 365, 611.
  20. Ryu, R. (2001). The effect of subliminal music on tension relaxation, Graduate School of Music Therapy. (Master's thesis). Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
  21. Samad, N., & Haleem, D. j. (2007). Serotonin-1A receptor responsiveness in stress and following adaptation to stress. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 20(2), 115-119.
  22. Son, D. H. (1991). Impact of noise on human body, Donga Science. Science Donga, 67, 103-107.
  23. Tomas D. Rossing. (1990). The science of sound, Addison wesley publish company.
  24. Youn, T., Park, H. J., Kim, E. J., & Jeong, D. U. (2000). Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure application on sympathetic activation: Power spectrum analysis of electrocardiogram in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Korean academy of sleep Medicine, 13(1), 43-50.
  25. Yun, D. E., Lee, M. U., & Kim, S. G. (2006). Analysis of music appreciation learning effect using pulse change. Korea Contents Association collected paper Volume 4 No 2, The Korea Contents Association, 792-795.
  26. Zheng, K. C., & Ariizumi, M. (2007). Modulations of immune functions and oxidative status induced by noise stress. Jourmal of Occupational Health, 49(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.49.32