• 한국지형공간정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.99-105
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• 2002

컴퓨터의 성능향상으로 인하여 가상현실 및 시뮬레이션에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있다. 본 연구는 차량의 실시간 운전시뮬레이터 개발을 위한 인공위성영상의 적용에 관한 연구이다. 차량의 효율적인 성능테스트나 주행테스트를 위해서는 자동차공학과 토목공학의 접목이 필요하며, 그래픽 처리 분야에서는 가상 그래픽 주행 시뮬레이터 프로그램(Virtual Driving Simulator ; VDS) 개발, 실시간 그래픽 처리를 위한 알고리즘 개발, 효율적인 환경 및 차량 모델링 생성 및 관리 방법 개발, 인체 모델 시뮬레이션 및 설계 검증 기능부여, 가상현실 기법을 도입한 인간-컴퓨터 인터페이스를 구성 및 평가 등을 실시해야한다. 차량의 주행감각 등 가상 실험을 수행할 수 있는 독자적인 차량의 실시간 주행 시뮬레이터개발과 현실감을 부여할 수 있는 제어 알고리즘 개발, 주행 시뮬레이터의 개발을 위한 각종 인터페이스 구축에 이용되는 위성영상의 활용방안과 효용성에 관한 연구와 워크스테이션과 개인용PC에서의 실시간 시뮬레이션 구축에서의 렌더링의 상관관계 등을 분석하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2001

This paper addresses a method for evaluating perceived velocities of the graphic module in a driving simulator. The major two graphic factors associated with perceived velocities are analyzed: they are the lateral distance between a virtual driver and an array of environmental objects and the textural density of these objects. A graphical representation of a vehicle and its surrounding environment are constructed by employing a three-dimensional tool, Pro/ENGINEER and a virtual environment, dVISE. Using the developed virtual driving environment, experiments have been carried out to formulate the relationship between velocity perception and each factor. Based on the experimental results, nonlinear regression equations are derived to show how the perceived velocities are dependent upon distance/density.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.270-275
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• 1996

본 연구에서는 인공현실감 기술을 이용하여 일종의 시뮬레이터라고 할 수 있는 자동차 주행환경을 개발하였다. 이 시스템은 Pentium PC에서 구현되었고 운전을 위하여 스티어링 휠, 클러치, 브레이크, 액 셀을 사용하였으며 속도출력을 위하여 스피드메타를 사용하였다. 이러한 입출력 장치를 하나의 통합된 모듈로 만들어서 8255 인터페이스 카드를 통하여 컴퓨터와 접속시켰다. 음향효과를 위하여 MIDI 인터페 이스, 샘플러, 스피커를 사용하였고 효과음은 샘플링하여 사용하였다. 이 밖에도 3차원 그래픽 디스플레 이를 위하여 CrystalEyes가 사용되었다. 가상세게 모델링을 위한 소프트웨어로는 Superscape VRT4.0이 사용되었다. 그래픽으로는 도심 시내 주행환경을 구현하였고, 모든 객체들은 실물 크기 비율로 그렸다. 자동차의 운전 메카니즘은 자동차 동역학을 모델링하여 계산하였다. 이러한 시스템은 주행시 운전자의 자세 및 생리신호를 측정하기 위한 환경으로 사용될 수 있으며 또한 교통안전표지나 신호등과 같은 도로 환경의 인간공학적 평가를 위해서도 사용될 수 있다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2019

We examined previous studies of the correlation analysis of heart rate variability as a method to reduce the stress caused by outside noise during driving, and we investigated whether there are electrocardiographic changes when drivers play music, which provides a stable sound source amid the noise. Because the number of cars increases every year, drivers and passengers show an increase in stress caused by outside noise. The stress from outside noise while a person is driving can cause several disorders, such as anxiety, immunosuppression, depression, and heart disease. Subjects in this study operated a vehicle simulator to reduce the stress from outside noise and were given different auditory stimuli, and we studied the drivers' responses to the stimuli. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant differences between subjects exposed to different auditory stimuli (ρ < 0.05). Through post hoc analyses, we examined these differences. We found significant differences between factor 1 (stability) and factor 2 (simulation driving), between factor 1 (stability) and factor 3 (driving + police siren), and between factor 1 (stability) and factor 4 (driving + police siren + music). In addition, the factor that produced the highest level of sympathetic nervous system activity was factor 4 (driving + police siren + music), followed by factor 3 (driving + police siren), factor 2 (driving), and factor 1 (stability). In conclusion, even when a police siren was heard during driving, there were no significant differences on electrocardiograms (ECGs). In addition, even when the siren was heard over the music, there was no difference on the ECGs (ρ < 0.01). In future studies, investigators should determine which types of music help stabilize the heart rate during driving.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2020

This study is aimed at investigating drivers' reactions to yellow signal dilemma situations as a result of the existing signal system, and developing a new signal system. A driver-centered coping model was developed through bio-signal analysis. The driver's physiological response in the existing signal system was observed, and the signal system was developed by applying intersection road driving conditions using a car graphic simulator. Participants were classified into a control group (existing signal system) and an experimental group for a new yellow signal system (new signal system). Based on the results, the emergence of parasympathetic nerves was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, where a statistically significant difference was observed (p < 0.05). The newly developed signal system appeared to cause tension among drivers; however, the sympathetic to parasympathetic nerve ratio was 6: 4, which could be interpreted as an ideal balance. We conclude that drivers can drive more stably if the coping signal system developed in this study is applied to the traffic system.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2020

The purpose of this work is to suggest the optimal color temperature, which induces a sense of comfort for autonomous vehicle users through the analysis of biosignal using electroencephalography (EEG) and photoplethysmography (PPG). To achieve this purpose, we applied lighting with a color temperature of 3000 K, 4000 K, 5000 K, and 6000 K to the autonomous driving environment. We experimented in a laboratory equipped with a graphic driving simulator. The experimental procedure is as follows: 1) stabilization (5 min). 2) Uchida-Kraepelin test (3 min). 3) Automatic driving + lighting (3 min). This procedure was repeated four times under different color temperatures. We performed frequency analysis on a collected time-series data and calculated the power value for each frequency band through power spectrum analysis. In the case of EEG, we analyzed α- and β-waves, which are indicators of stability and arousal, respectively. In the case of PPG, we analyzed the sympathetic nervous system activity. To reduce deviations between the subjects, we normalized the data before analysis. The result of the first analysis revealed that α-wave increased only at 5000 K, while the β-wave increased at almost all color temperatures. In addition, in the case of PPG, sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSA) increased under driving conditions. The result of the second analysis revealed that the difference between β-wave and SNSA is insignificant. In conclusion, the increase in α-waves showed that EEG was most stable at 5000 K. The results of this study can be applied to the upcoming autonomous driving era to induce high driver satisfaction. Furthermore, this approach could eventually lead to the acceptance of autonomous vehicles by suggesting a positive effect of autonomous driving.