Analysis of the Inquiry Tendency of the Higher-level Middle School 1 Chemistry Textbooks of Kim Jong-Un Era in North Korea

북한 김정은 시대의 고급중학교 1 화학 교과서의 탐구 경향성 분석

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inquiry tendency of North Korean chemistry textbook by Romey's method. We analyzed the inquiry tendencies of texts, figures, questions, activities, and summaries by Romey's method. And the following results were compared with those of previous South Korean studies, which method was the same. The 20,017 texts, 541 figures, 140 questions, 243 activities, and 25 summaries in 5 chapters of chemistry textbook of the Higher-level middle school 1 in the Kim Jong-Un Era were analyzed. Results were as follows: texts were authoritarian tendency, figures were authoritarian tendency, questions were excessive inquiry tendency, activities were inquiry tendency, and chapter summaries were drastic authoritarian tendency. The inquiry tendency of North Korean chemistry textbook in higherlevel middle school showed similar tendencies as the textbooks of South Korean chemistry I textbook in the 6th National Science Curriculum. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as basic information and data to understand the inquiry teaching that North Korea science education is aiming at.

본 연구는 북한 김정은 시대의 화학 교과서의 탐구 경향성을 Romey의 분석법에 따라 조사하였다. Romeny의 분석법에 따라 북한 화학 교과서를 문장, 시각자료, 절과 장의 질문, 토론 및 실험 활동, 요약 등으로 구분하여 탐구 경향을 분석하였다. 그리고 그 결과를 남한 3차 교육과정부터 2009 교육과정의 화학 또는 과학 교과서의 탐구 경향을 Romey 분석법으로 분석한 선행연구 결과와 비교하였다. 북한 고급중학교 1 화학 교과서는 5개 장의 20,017개 문장, 541개 시각자료, 140개 질문, 243개 활동, 25개 요약으로 구성된다. 이것들을 대상으로 Romey의 탐구 경향성을 분석한 결과, 북한 화학 교과서의 문장은 권위주의적, 시각자료는 탐구주의적, 절과 장의 마무리 질문은 지나친 탐구주의적, 활동은 탐구주의적, 장 요약은 극단적인 권위주의적 경향을 나타내는 것을 조사되었다. 북한 화학 교과서는 남한의 6차 교육과정에 따른 화학I 교과서들과 유사한 탐구 경향성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과는 북한 과학교육이 지향하고 있는 탐구적 교수를 이해하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Figure 1. Comparing the index values of texts in North Korean chemistry textbook and South Korean chemistry textbook.

Figure 2. Examples of figures in chapter 4.

Figure 3. Comparing the index values of figures in North Korean chemistry textbook and South korean Chemistry textbook.

Figure 4. Comparing the index values of questions in North Korean chemistry textbook and South Korean chemistry textbook.

Figure 5. Examples of discussions and experiments in North Korean chemistry textbook.

Figure 6. Comparing the index values of activities in North Korean chemistry textbook and South Korean chemistry textbook.

Figure 7. Example of chapter summary in North Korean chemistry textbook.

Figure 8. Comparing index of South Korean chemistry1 textbooks and North Korean chemistry textbook.

Table 1. Information of North Korean chemistry textbook

Table 2. Contents of North Korean chemistry textbook

Table 3. Category items and index formula of text in Romey’s science textbook analysis method

Table 4. Category items and index formula of figure, diagram, table, and chemical equation in Romey’s science textbook analysis method

Table 5. Category items and index formula of question at the end of section and chapter in Romey’s science textbook analysis method

Table 6. Index formula of activity in Romey’s science textbook analysis method

Table 7. Category items and index formula of chapter summary in Romey’s science textbook analysis method

Table 8. Interpretation of the index of student involvement (T, F, Q, A, S)

Table 9. Index values and tendencies of texts, figures, questions, activities, and summaries in North Korean chemistry textbook

Table 10. Examples of texts of a, b, c, and d items in North Korean chemistry textbook

Table 11. Examples of texts of e, f, g, and h items in North Korean chemistry textbook

Table 12. The index of figures in each section of chapter 4 of North Korean chemistry textbook

Table 13. Number of questions in North Korean chemistry textbook

Table 14. The index of activities in each section of chapter 1 of North Korean chemistry textbook

Table 15. The index values and tendencies of summaries in South Korean chemistry textbook (2009 revised curriculum)

Table 16. Textbook index value of North Korean chemistry textbook