Journal of Navigation and Port Research (한국항해항만학회지)

Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research (한국항해항만학회)
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Estimating the Expected Number of Re-handles for Empty Containers during Loading Operation

적하작업을 위한 공 컨테이너 기대 재취급 횟수 추정

  • Lee, Hoon (Logistics System Institute of Total Soft Bank, Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Kap-Hwan (Department of Industrial Engineering of Pusan National University)
  • 이훈 ((주)토탈소프트뱅크 물류시스템연구소) ;
  • 김갑환 (부산대학교 산업공학과)
  • Received : 2019.01.14
  • Accepted : 2019.05.16
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

This paper assessed the impacts of the specification of the yard, handling equipment, and operation approaches on the expected number of re-handles during the loading operation for empty containers. When the various types of empty containers from multiple shipping liners are placed in separate spaces from each other, then the storage space cannot be fully utilized. So as to increase the utilization of the storage space, empty containers from multiple vessel liners are stored together incurring additional re-handles during the loading operation. Several formulas are derived for the estimation of the expected number of handles, including re-handles, for empty container retrieval from a bay. Transfer cranes and top handlers are utilized as handling equipment and various retrieval strategies are examined. Numerical analysis was conducted to assess the effects of various designs and operational parameters of the container stacking yard on the expected number of handles.

공 컨테이너 장치장의 사양, 취급 장비, 운영방법이 공 컨테이너 적하 시 발생할 수 있는 재취급 기대횟수에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 다수 선사의 다양한 유형의 공 컨테이너를 서로 분리된 공간에 저장한다면 저장 공간을 충분히 활용할 수 없고, 저장 공간의 활용도를 높이기 위해 여러 선사의 공 컨테이너를 혼적하여 함께 저장한다면 적하작업 중에 추가로 재취급이 발생할 수 있다. 한 베이에서 적하작업을 위하여 공 컨테이너를 인출하는 시점에 기대되는 재취급 횟수를 계산하기 위해 필요한 여러 가지 수식을 유도하였다. 트랜스퍼 크레인과 탑 핸들러를 취급 장비로 간주하여 다양한 인출 전략을 검토하였다. 장치장의 다양한 설계 및 운영 매개 변수가 재취급 횟수에 미치는 효과를 확인할 목적으로 수치실험을 수행하였다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1 Process of the loading operation of an empty container

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Fig. 2 Sequence of retrieval operations of transfer crane (Ramen, Cantilever)(Lee and Kim, 2018)

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Fig. 3 Sequence of retrieval operations by a container handler(Lee and Kim, 2018)

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Fig. 4 Expected number of handles for picking up one container by the fixed sequence strategy and the random sequence strategy in case of TC (S=6, T=4)

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Fig. 5 Expected number of handles for picking up one container by the fixed sequence strategy and the random sequence strategy in case of TH (S=6, T=4)

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Fig. 6 Expected number of handles for picking up one container to compare between TC and TH with different stack size by the fixed sequence strategy (T=4, p=1)

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Fig. 7 Expected number of handles for picking up one container to compare between TC and TH with different stack size by the random sequence strategy (T=4, p=1)

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Fig. 8 Illustration of ratios of container throughput of three shipping liners for various values of c

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Fig. 9 Changes in container inventory ratio for each vessel liner by day of week for various degrees of concentration (c)

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Fig. 10 Expected number of handles for loading an empty container with mixed storage among three vessel liners in case of TC (S=6, T=4)

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Fig. 11 Expected number of handles for loading an empty container with mixed storage among three vessel liners in case of TH (S=6, T=4)

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Fig. 12 Expected number of handles for loading an empty container to compare between TC and TH with different stack parameters (T=4, c=1, r=0.1)

Table 1 Annual container throughput at Busan port (unit: TEU, %), (Busan Port Authority, 2017)

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Table 2 A summary of previous studies

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Table 3 Accuracy of the proposed formula for the case with gantry crane and specified sequence of retrieval

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Table 4 Dwell time distribution of export containers

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Table 5 Proportion of containers to be loaded onto each vessel and inventory in the yard on each day (c=1)

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Table 6 Proportion of containers in the yard bound for each vessel on each day (c=1)

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Table 7 Proportion of containers in the yard of each vessel when the loading operation begins for various values of c

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