Figure 1. Chemical structure of cure accelerators: (a) cyclohexyl benzothiazyl sulfenamide (CBS), (b) diphenyl guanidine (DPG), (c) tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (TBzTD).
Figure 2. Chemcal structure of bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide (TESPT).
Figure 3. Cure characteristics of the compounds by controlling DPG/TBzTD content.
Figure 4. Mechanical properties of the compounds by controlling DPG/TBzTD content.
Figure 5. Tan δ curves of the compounds by controlling DPG/TBzTD content as a function of temperature.
Figure 6. Cure characteristics of the compounds by changing sulfur/CBS content.
Figure 7. Mechanical properties of the compounds by changing sulfur/CBS content.
Figure 8. Tan δ curves of the compounds by changing sulfur/CBS content.
Table 1. Recipe of ESBR Silica WMB
Table 2. Formulations of ESBR Silica WMB/BR Silica DMB Blend Compounds.
Table 3. Compounding Procedure for the ESBR Silica WMB/BR Silica DMB Blend Compounds
Table 4. Cure Characteristics of the Compounds by Controlling DPG/TBzTD Content
Table 5. Crosslink Densities of the Compounds by Controlling DPG/TBzTD Content
Table 6. Mechanical Properties of the Compounds by Controlling DPG/TBzTD Content
Table 7. DIN abrasion Loss of the Compounds by Controlling DPG/TBzTD Content
Table 8. Dynamic viscoelastic Properties of the Compounds by Controlling DPG/TBzTD Content
Table 9. Cure Characteristics of the Compounds by Changing Sulfur/CBS Content
Table 10. Crosslink Densities of the Compounds by Changing Sulfur/CBS Content
Table 11. Mechanical Properties of the Compounds by Changing Sulfur/CBS Content
Table 12. DIN abrasion Loss of the Compounds by Changing Sulfur/CBS Content
Table 13. Dynamic viscoelastic Properties of the Compounds by Changing Sulfur/CBS Content
참고문헌
-
G. Santos, "Road Transport and
$CO_2$ Emissions: What are the Challenges?", Transport Policy, 59, 71 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.06.007 - N. Rivers and R. Wigle, "An Evaluation of Policy Options for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Transport Sector: The Cost-Effectiveness of Regulations Versus Emissions Pricing" Laurier Centre for Economic Research and Policy Analysis Working Papers, 107 (2018).
- S. Wolff, "Chemical Aspects of Rubber Reinforcement by Fillers", Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 69, 3 (1996). https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3538376
- C. M. Flanigan, L. Beyer, D. Klekamp, D. Rohweder, B. Stuck, and E. R. Terrill, "Comparative Study of Silica, Carbon Black and Novel Fillers in Tread Compounds", Rubber World, 245, 5 (2012).
- J. W. Ten Brinke, S. C. Debnath, L. A. Reuvekamp, and J. W. Noordermeer, "Mechanistic Aspects of The Role of Coupling Agents in Silica-Rubber Composites", Composites Science and Technology, 63, 8 (2003).
- T. Xu, Z. Jia, S. Wang, Y. Chen, Y. Luo, D. Jia, and Z. Peng, "Self-Crosslinkable Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Silica Hybrids", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 134, 14 (2017).
- H. D. Luginsland, J. Frohlich, and A. Wehmeier, "Influence of Different Silanes on the Reinforcement of Silica-Filled Rubber Compounds", Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 75, 4 (2002).
- S. S. Choi, "Influence of the Silica Content on Rheological Behaviour and Cure Characteristics of Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Compounds", Polymer International, 50, 5 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0126(200101)50:1<5::AID-PI653>3.0.CO;2-2
- W. Kaewsakul, K. Sahakaro, W. K. Dierkes, and J. W. Noordermeer, "Optimization of Mixing Conditions for Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Tire Tread Compounds", Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 85, 2 (2012).
- Y. Gui, J. Zheng, X. Ye, D. Han, M. Xi, and L. Zhang, "Preparation and Performance of Silica/SBR Masterbatches with High Silica Loading by Latex Compounding Method", Composites Part B: Engineering, 85 (2016).
- K. J. Kim and J. VanderKooi, "Moisture Effects on TESPD-Silica/CB/SBR Compounds", Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 78, 1 (2005). https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547870
- Y. Wang, L. Liao, J. Zhong, D. He, K. Xu, C. Yang, Y. Luo, and Z. Peng, "The Behavior of Natural Rubber-Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Silica Composites Based on Wet Masterbatch Technique", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 133, 26 (2016).
- J. W. Lightsey, D. J. Kneiling, and J. M. Long, "Silica Wet Masterbatch: A New Process For Pre-Dispersion of Silica in Emulsion Polymers", Rubber World, 218, 3 (1998).
- C. Yin, Q. Zhang, and D. Gong, "Preparation and Properties of Silica/Styrene Butadiene Rubber Masterbatches by Latex Co-Coagulating Technology", Polymer Composites, 35, 6 (2014).
- W. Kim, B. Ahn, H. Mun, E. Yu, K. Hwang, D. Kim, G. Ryu, and W. Kim, "Effect of Calcium Chloride as a Coagulant on the Properties of ESBR/Silica Wet Masterbatch Compound", Polymers, 10, 10 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10010010
- E. M. Sadek, D. E. El-Nashar, and S. M. Ahmed, "Effect of Organoclay Reinforcement on the Curing Characteristics and Technological Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber", Polymer Composites, 36, 7 (2015).
- W. Kim, B. Ahn, H. Moon, E. Yu, K. Hwang, and W. Kim, "Evaluation of BR Blending Methods for ESBR/Silica Wet Masterbatch Compounds", Elastomers and Composites, 52, 4 (2017).
- K. Hwang, W. Kim, B. Ahn, H. Mun, E. Yu, D. Kim, G. Ryu, and W. Kim, "Effect of Surfactant on the Physical Properties and Crosslink Density of Silica Filled ESBR Compounds and Carbon Black Filled Compounds", Elastomers and Composites, 53, 2 (2018).
- C. Hayichelaeh, L. A. E. M. Reuvekamp, W. K. Dierkes, A. Blume, J. W. M. Noordermeer, and K. Sahakaro, "Enhancing the Silanization Reaction of the Silica-Silane System by Different Amines in Model and Practical Silica-Filled Natural Rubber Compounds", Polymers, 10, 6 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10010006
- R. N. Datta, A. G. Talma, S. Datta, P. G. J. Nieuwenhuis, W. J. Nijenhuis, and W. Maslow, "On The Chemistry of Tetrabenzyl Thiuram Disulfide and Tetramethyl Thiuram Disulfide with Bis (Triethoxysilylpropyl) Tetrasulfide in Silica Compounds", Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 76, 4 (2003).
- S. Minatoya, K. Kojima, and I. Nagai, "Studies on the Combined Use of Two Different Accelerators. I. Diphenylguanidine and Mercaptobenzothiazole", Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 5, 4 (1932).
- M. M. Coleman, J. R. Shelton, and J. K. Koening, "Raman and ESR Spectroscopic Studies of Accelerator Systems. I. Raman Spectra of Thiuram Sulfides and Related Compounds", Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 46, 4 (1973).
- M. York, "Efficiency Cure Accelerator/Mercapto-Type Silane Combination: Improved Rolling Resistance Without Wet Traction Loss through Competitive Inhibition", 188th Technical meeting of Rubber Division, ACS (Cleveland, OH), Oct 14th (2015)
- K. Cho and D. Lee, "Effect of Molecular Weight Between Cross-Links on the Abrasion Behavior of Rubber by a Blade Abrader", Polymer, 41, 1 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00156-1
- K. Reincke, W. Grellmann, R. Lach, and G. Heinrich, "Toughness Optimization of SBR Elastomers-Use of Fracture Mechanics Methods for Characterization", Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 288, 2 (2003).
- A. Mousa, U. S. Ishiaku, and Z. A. Mohd Ishak, "Rheological and Viscoelastic Behavior of Dynamically Vulcanized Poly (Vinyl Chloride)-Epoxidized Natural-Rubber Thermoplastic Elastomers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 74, 12 (1999)
- S. S. Choi, "Improvement of Properties of Silica-Filled Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Compounds Using Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 79, 6 (2001).
- T. Kataoka, P. B. Zetterlund, and B. Yamada, "Effects of storage and service on tire performance: Oil component content and swelling behavior". Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 76, 2 (2003).
- A. Y. Coran, "Vulcanization. PART VII. Kinetics of Sulfur Vulcanization of Natural Rubber in Presence of Delayed-Action Accelerators", Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 38, 1 (1965). https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3535628