Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회지)

The Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies (한국지리정보학회)
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Evaluation of Land Use Change Impact on Hydrology and Water Quality Health in Geum River Basin

금강유역의 토지이용 변화가 수문·수질 건전성에 미치는 영향 평가

  • LEE, Ji-Wan (Graduate School of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • PARK, Jong-Yoon (Environmental Assessment Group, Korea Environment Institute) ;
  • JUNG, Chung-Gil (Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center Agricultural and Water Resources Engineering, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at El Paso) ;
  • KIM, Seong-Joon (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering)
  • 이지완 (건국대학교 일반대학원 사회환경플랜트공학과) ;
  • 박종윤 (한국환경정책.평가연구원 환경평가본부) ;
  • 정충길 ;
  • 김성준 (건국대학교 공과대학 사회환경공학부)
  • Received : 2019.03.27
  • Accepted : 2019.06.03
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

This study evaluated the status of watershed health in Geum River Basin by SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrology and water quality. The watershed healthiness from watershed hydrology and stream water quality was calculated using multivariate normal distribution from 0(poor) to 1(good). Before evaluation of watershed healthiness, the SWAT calibration for 11 years(2005~2015) of streamflow(Q) at 5 locations with 0.50~0.77 average Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency and suspended solid (SS), total nitrogen(T-N), and total phosphorus(T-P) at 3 locations with 0.67~0.94, 0.59~0.79, and 0.61~0.79 determination coefficient($R^2$) respectively. For 24 years (1985~2008) the spatiotemporal change of watershed healthiness was analyzed with calibarted SWAT and 5 land use data of 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2008. The 2008 SWAT results showed that the surface runoff increased by 40.6%, soil moisture and baseflow decreased by 6.8% and 3.0% respectively compared to 1985 reference year. The stream water quality of SS, T-N, and T-P increased by 29.2%, 9.3%, and 16.7% respectively by land development and agricultural activity. Based on the 1985 year land use condition. the 2008 watershed healthiness of hydrology and stream water quality decreased from 1 to 0.94 and 0.69 respectively. The results of this study be able to detect changes in watershed environment due to human activity compared to past natural conditions.

본 연구는 금강유역을 대상으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 이용하여 유역 수문 및 수질에 대한 유역건전성 (Watershed Healthiness)을 평가하였다. 유역 수문과 수질에 대한 건전성은 다변수 정규분포를 이용하여 0(불량)에서 1(양호)의 범위로 산정하였다. 유역 건전성 평가에 앞서, SWAT 수문 검보정 결과 5개 지점에 대한 11년(2005~2015) 동안의 하천유출량의 Nash-Sutcliffe 모델효율(NSE)은 0.50~0.77이었고, 3개 지점에 대한 suspended solid(SS), total nitrogen(T-N), and total phosphorus(T-P)의 결정계수($R^2$)는 각각 0.67~0.94, 0.59~0.79, 0.61~0.79이었다. 총 24년(1985~2008)에 대한 토지이용변화에 따른 유역 건전성 분석을 위하여 1985년, 1990년, 1995년 2000년, 2008년 5개의 토지이용자료를 준비하였다. 기준년도인 1985년 대비 2008년 SWAT 총유출은 불투수면적의 증가로 40.6% 증가하였고, 토양수분과 기저유출은 각각 6.8%, 3.0 % 감소하였으며, SS, T-N, T-P는 특히 농업활동으로 인해 각각 29.2%, 9.3%, 16.7% 증가하였다. 1985년 토지이용조건 대비 2008년의 유역 수문과 수질의 건전성은 각각 1에서 0.94와 0.69로 감소하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 과거 자연상태 대비 인간활동에 의한 유역 환경변화를 감지할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

GRJBBB_2019_v22n2_82_f0001.png 이미지

FIGURE 1. Study area

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FIGURE 2. Watershed health index results for the hydrology

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FIGURE 3. The Cumulative curve of watershed health index results for water quality

GRJBBB_2019_v22n2_82_f0004.png 이미지

FIGURE 4. Watershed health index results for the integrated watershed health

TABLE 1. The calibrated parameters for SWAT model

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TABLE 2. Calibration and validation results for dam flow, storage and water quality

GRJBBB_2019_v22n2_82_t0002.png 이미지

TABLE 3. Land Use of Geum River Basins

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TABLE 4. The results of hydrology and water quality by landuse change

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TABLE 5. Watershed health index results for the water quality

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