Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회논문지)

The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers (한국전기전자재료학회)
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Crystal Defects and Grain Boundary Properties in ZnO-Zn2BiVO6-Co3O4-Cr2O3-CaCO3 Varistor

ZnO-Zn2BiVO6-Co3O4-Cr2O3-CaCO3 바리스터 내의 결정결함과 입계특성

  • Hong, Youn-Woo (Virtual Engineering Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology) ;
  • Ha, Man-Jin (Virtual Engineering Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology)
  • 홍연우 (한국세라믹기술원 가상공학센터) ;
  • 하만진 (한국세라믹기술원 가상공학센터)
  • Received : 2019.04.03
  • Accepted : 2019.04.25
  • Published : 2019.07.01
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Abstract

In this study, we investigated the crystal defects and grain boundary properties in a ZZCCC ($ZnO-Zn_2BiVO_6-Co_3O_4-Cr_2O_3-CaCO_3$) varistor, with the liquid-phase sintering aid $Zn_2BiVO_6$ developed by our laboratory. The ZZCCC varistor sintered at $1,200^{\circ}C$ exhibited excellent nonlinear current-voltage characteristics (${\alpha}=63$), with oxygen vacancy ($V_o^*$ ; 0.35 eV) as a main defect, and an apparent activation energy of 1.1 eV with an electrically single grain boundary. Therefore, among the various additives to improve the electrical properties of ZnO varistors, if $Zn_2BiVO_6$ is used as a liquid phase sintering aid, it will be ideal to use Co for the oxygen vacancy and Ca for the electrically single grain boundary. This will allow the good properties of ZnO varistors to be maintained up to high sintering temperatures.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. J-E characteristics of ZZCCC sintered at 1,200℃ for 1 h.

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Fig. 2. Admittance spectroscopy as a function of temperature at 1~100 kHz for ZZCCC sintered at 1,200℃.

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Fig. 3. Impedance and modulus spectroscopy of ZZCCC sintered at 1,200℃. (a) Z" and M"-logf (16℃), (b) Z" and M"-logf (280℃), (c) M"-logf (16~400℃ at 20℃ increments), and (d) Z"-logf (16~400℃ at 20℃ increments).

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Fig. 4. (a) lnτ and (b) lnρ vs. 1,000/T plot of ZZCCC sintered at 1,200℃ and (b) capacitance (C1, C2) and resistance (R1, R2) with temperature.

Table 1. Summary of Sintering and J-E characteristics of ZZCCC sintered at 1,200℃.

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