Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
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Chemical compositions of different cultivars of astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) and the effects of maturity

떫은감(Diospyros kaki Thunb.) 품종 및 수확시기에 따른 영양 성분 변화

  • Yoo, Seul Ki (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong Min (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Park, Seon Kyeong (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kang, Jin Yong (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Han, Hye Ju (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Park, Hyo Won (Division of Special Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Chul-Woo (Division of Special Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Lee, Uk (Division of Special Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Heo, Ho Jin (Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 유슬기 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 김종민 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 박선경 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 강진용 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 한혜주 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원) ;
  • 박효원 (국립산림과학원 산림소득자원연구과) ;
  • 김철우 (국립산림과학원 산림소득자원연구과) ;
  • 이욱 (국립산림과학원 산림소득자원연구과) ;
  • 허호진 (경상대학교 응용생명과학부(BK21 plus), 농업생명과학연구원)
  • Received : 2019.03.04
  • Accepted : 2019.05.04
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

This study aimed to determine the chemical components of different cultivars (Gabjubaekmok, Sangjudungsi, and Godongsi) of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) and the effects of maturity. The detected free sugars were fructose and glucose, and glucose levels tended to increase with maturity. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and stearic acid, and potassium were major components. In the amino acid component analysis, the following were usually present in the following month: glutamic acid in Gabjubaekmok in July, lysine in Sangjudungsi in August, and threonine in Godongsi in October. Vitamin C tended to increase with aging, and fruit harvested in July had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In the metabolite analysis, there were significant differences among cultivars and with maturity. The major physiological compounds were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass ($UPLC/Q-TOF/MS^2$) and were citric acid and gallic aicd. As maturity progressed, citric acid increased but gallic acid decreased.

본 연구에서는 떫은감의 3가지 품종인 갑주백목, 상주둥시, 고동시의 수확시기(7, 8, 9, 10월)에 따른 유리당, 지방산, 무기성분, 구성 아미노산, 비타민 C와 같은 영양성분 분석 및 $UPLC/Q-TOF/MS^2$를 통한 생리활성 물질을 분석하였고, 총 페놀성 화합물 및 플라보노이드 함량 측정을 진행하였다. 유리당 분석 결과는 미숙과에서 수확과로 갈수록 포도당의 함량이 증가하였고, 과당은 숙기에 따른 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 지방산 분석 결과는 포화 지방산에서 팔미트산(palmitic acid), 불포화 지방산에서 올레산(oleic acid)과 리놀레산(linoleic acid)의 함량이 가장 높았으며 숙기에 따른 큰 변화는 보이지 않았다. 무기성분 분석은 갑주백목, 상주둥시의 7월 시기와 고동시의 10월 시기에 칼륨의 함량이 상당히 높았으며, 구성 아미노산 분석은 갑주백목의 7월 시기에서 글루탐산(glutamic acid), 상주둥시의 8월 시기에서 라이신(lysine), 고동시의 10월 시기에서 트레오닌(threonine)의 함량이 가장 높았다. 비타민 C 분석 결과는 떫은감의 숙성기간에 따라서 비타민 C의 함량이 높아지는 것을 확인 할 수 있었고, 고동시에서 가장 높은 함량을 보여주었다. 그리고 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량측정을 통해서 갑주백목이 다른 품종들에 비해 다량의 페놀성 화합물을 함유하고 있으며, 특히 7월 시기의 미숙과에서 가장 많은 페놀성 화합물들이 존재하는 것으로 판단된다. 마지막으로 대사체 분석과 PLS-DA 분석을 통한 통해서 3가지 품종 및 수확시기에 따른 유의적인 평가하였으며, 유의적인 차이를 나타내는 주요 물질은 시트르산(citric acid) 및 gallic acid로 동정되었으며 이들의 상대적인 함량 변화를 비교하였다. 결과적으로 떫은감의 주요 세 가지 품종 및 수확시기에 따른 영양성분 분석을 통해 품종별 영양학적 특성과 생리활성 성분의 비교 분석 자료를 구축하고자 하였다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Total phenolic contents (TPC) of three cultivars (A: Gabjubaekmok, B: Sangjudungsi, C: Godongsi) and harvest time (from July to October) of Diospyros kaki Thunb.

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Fig. 2. Total flavonoid contents (TFC) of three cultivars (A: Gabjubaekmok, B: Sangjudungsi, C: Godongsi) and harvest time (from July to October) of Diospyros kaki Thunb.

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Fig. 3. PLS-DA score scatter plot of Diospyros kaki Thunb. in three cultivars (Gabjubaekmok, Sangjudungsi, and Godongsi) (A) and cultivars harvest time (from July to October) (B).

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Fig. 4. Fold change of the citric acid contents of three cultivars (Gabjubaekmok (A), Sangjudungsi (B), and Godongsi (C)) and harvest time (From July to October) of Diospyros kaki Thunb.

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Fig. 5. Fold change of the gallic acid contents of three cultivars (Gabjubaekmok (A), Sangjudungsi (B), and Godongsi (C)) and harvest time (from July to October) of Diospyros kaki Thunb.

Table 1. Free sugar contents according to three cultivars (Gabjubaekmok, Sangjudungsi, and Godongsi) and 4 harvest time (from July to October) of Diospyros kaki Thunb.

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Table 2. Fatty acid contents according to three cultivars (Gabjubaekmok, Sangjudungsi, and Godongsi) and 4 harvest time (from July to October) of Diospyros kaki Thunb.

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Table 3. Mineral contents according to three cultivars (Gabjubaekmok, Sangjudungsi, and Godongsi) and 4 harvest time (from July to October) of Diospyros kaki Thunb.

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Table 4. Amino acid contents according to three cultivars (Gabjubaekmok, Sangjudungsi, and Godongsi) and 4 harvest time (from July to October) of Diospyros kaki Thunb.

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Table 5. Vitamin C contents according to three cultivars (Gabjubaekmok, Sangjudungsi, and Godongsi) and 4 harvest time (from July to October) of Diospyros kaki Thunb.

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