Specificity of Majangcheon (Chuncheon) Based on Fish Community

어류군집에 따른 마장천(춘천)의 특이성

Abstract

Majangcheon is a small agricultural stream which is located in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do. To understand ecological characteristics of Majangcheon as biological habitats, we surveyed its physical environment and fishes from June 2016 to September 2016. The altitudinal difference between lowest and highest point of the stream was 3 meters and the first-order stream under a map drawn on a scale of 1:25,000. The flow rate of stream was slow in overall with $0.09-0.48m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. More than 50% of clay were found in all points except for the point St. 3 in the riverbed structure surveyed. A total of 2,532 individuals of 22 species in nine families were collected from Majangcheon. Of them, stillwater-living species (Acheilognathinae and Carassius auratus) and floating species (Zacco platypus and Oryzias sinensis) were mainly collected. In Majangcheon, thus, both of stillwater-living and floating fishes were specifically coexisted. The correspondence analysis, based on fishes collected from Majangcheon and past research, showed that Majangcheon is closer to the flat streams in Gyeonggi-do rather than the mountainous streams in Gangwon-do but it appeared as an independent group from those of two regions. As a result, Majangcheon is a stream with specificity of fish community.

춘천시 소재 농경지 소하천인 마장천이 가진 생물서식처로서의 특이성을 알아보고자, 2016년 6월부터 2016년 9월까지 물리적 환경과 어류를 조사하였다. 마장천은 고도차가 3m인 완만한 하천으로, 유속은 $0.09-0.48m{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 범위를 보였고, 하상구조는 St. 3를 제외한 전 지점이 50% 이상 clay로 이루어져 있었다. 마장천에서 채집된 어류는 총 9과 22종 2,532개체였고, 이 중 납자루아과(Acheilognathinae)나 붕어(Carassius auratus) 등의 정수성 어종과, 피라미(Zacco platypus)나 대륙송사리(Oryzias sinensis) 등 부유성 어종이 주로 출현하였다. 마장천에 대한 어류서식처 특성을 조사한 결과 고도차가 3m인 완만한 하천이었고, 축척 1:25,000에서 1차 하천이었다. 마장천의 어류상 결과와 기 보고된 문헌들의 자료를 참고하여 대응분석을 수행한 결과, 마장천은 강원도 지역 하천보다 경기도 서해안 인근 하천에 가까운 경향을 나타내면서, 두 지역들과는 독립된 그룹으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 마장천은 어류군집이 독특하면서도 특이성이 있는 하천이었으며, 앞으로도 지속적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

Figure 1. The comparison of map with past and present, Majangcheon (National Geographic Institute, 1973).

Figure 2. The relative abundance of fish collected in each sites of Majangcheon.

Figure 3. Compared species with Majangcheon and Chuncheon, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon streams based on each stream order. MJ: Majang, DB: Dongbang, HGJ: Hwangguji, DW: Deokwoo, SC: Shinchon, HH: Huha, Tg: Toegye, GJ: Gongji

Figure 4. 2D graph based on correspondence analysis (CA) between Majangcheon and another region. MJ: Majang, DB: Dongbang, HGJ: Hwangguji, DW: Deokwoo, SC: Shinchon, HH: Huha, Tg: Toegye, GJ: Gongji, Ac: Aphyocypris chinensis, Al: Acheilognathus lanceolata, Ay: Acheilognathus yamatsutae, Ca: Carassius auratus, Cc: Cyprinus carpio, Cu: Carassius cuvieri, Gu: Gymnogobius urotaenia, Ha: Hemibarbus labeo, He: Hemiculter leucisculus, Ho: Hemibarbus longirostris, Hn: Hypomesus nipponensis, Ik: Iksookimia koreensis, Lc: Lefua costata, Lm: Lepomis macrochirus, Ma: Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Mm: Misgurnus mizolepis, Mo: Macropodus ocellatus, Ms: Micropterus salmoides, My: Microphysogobio yaluensis, Oi: Odontobutis interrupta, On: Orthrias nudus, Os: Oryzias sinensis,, Ou: Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, Pe: Pseudogobio esocinus, Pf: Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, Ph: Pungtungia herzi, Pk: Pseudobagrus koreanus, Pp: Pseudorasbora parva Rb: Rhinogobius brunneus, Rg: Rhinogobius giurinus, Rc: Rhodeus ocellatus, Rx: Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Ru: Rhodeus uyekii, Sa: Silurus asotus, Sg: Squalidus gracilis majimae, Sj: Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Sm: Silurus microdorsalis, Zk: Zacco koreanus, Zp: Zacco platypus.

Table 1. The address and GPS coordinates, Majangcheon

Table 4. Altitude difference and stream order of each site

Table 5. Eigenvalues and % of variance and cumulative Percentage for correspondence analysis (CA)

Table 2. Ranges of physical parameters in Majangcheon

Table 3. A list and individual number of collected fishes in Majangcheon