Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
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Carbon and Nitrogen Responses of Litterfall Components by NPK and PK Fertilizers in a Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) Stand

  • Park, Seong-Wan (Department of Forest Resource, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Baek, Gyeongwon (Department of Forest Resource, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kim, Seongjun (Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University) ;
  • Yang, A-Ram (Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Choonsig (Department of Forest Resource, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2019.01.25
  • Accepted : 2019.03.05
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) response of litterfall components as affected by N addition in compound fertilizer in a Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stand in southern Korea. Litterfall in a mature red pine stand was collected for two years following compound fertilizer application ($N_3P_4K_1$; $P_4K_1$) and no fertilization (control). The C concentration of litterfall components was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the $N_3P_4K_1$ and the control plots, whereas the N concentration of the litterfall components was significantly higher in the $N_3P_4K_1$ plot than in the control plot. The $N_3P_4K_1$ and $P_4K_1$ additions induced a lower C/N ratio of litterfall components compared with the control plot. Annual C and N fluxes via litterfall components were not affected by the $N_3P_4K_1$ addition over the study period, except for reproduction litter. Annual N fluxes via reproduction litter were significantly higher in the $N_3P_4K_1$ plot than in the control plot. Thus, the $N_3P_4K_1$ and $P_4K_1$ additions could modify differently nutrient distribution of the forest floor and mineral soils in a red pine stand. These results indicate that N concentration and C/N ratio in litterfall components are more susceptible to fertilizer application than the C response in litterfall components.

Keywords

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Figure 1. Monthly temperature and precipitation of the study site.

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Figure 2. Monthly variation of soil NH4+-N and NO3--N concentration (n=6) following fertilizer applications in a red pine stand. Vertical bars represent standard error. Different letters on the bars in dicate significant difference between fertilizer treatment and control plots at P < 0.05.

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Figure 3. Carbon concentration of fertilizer treatment (a), litterfall component (b, NE: needle; HW: hardwood leaf; BR: branches; BK: bark; RP: reproduction; MI: miscellaneous) and sample months (c) following compound fertilizer application in a red pine stand. Vertical bars represent standard error. Different letter on the bars represents a significant difference between fertilizer treatments (a), litterfall components (b), or months (c) at P < 0.05.

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Figure 4. Nitrogen concentration and litterfall component with fertilizer treatment (a) and sampling month (b, NE: needle, HW: hardwood leaves; BR: branches; BK: bark; RP: reproduction; MI: miscellaneous) following compound fertilizer application in a red pine stand. Vertical bars represent standard error. Different letter on the bars represents a significant difference between fertilizer treatments (a) or months (b) at P < 0.05.

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Figure 5. C/N ratio by fertilizer treatment (a) and sampling month (b, NE: needle, HW: hardwood leaves; BR; branches; BK: bark; RP: reproduction; MI: miscellaneous). Vertical bars represent standard error. Different letter on the bars represent a significant difference between fertilizer treatments (a) or months (b) at P < 0.05.

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Figure 6. Carbon (a) and nitrogen fluxes (b) by sampling month and via litterfall components (NE: needle, HW: hardwood leaves; BR: branches; BK: bark; RP: reproduction; MI: miscellaneous) following fertilizer application in a red pine stand. Vertical bars represent standard error. Different letters on the bars indicate a significant difference in carbon flux (a) and nitrogen flux (b) between months (c) at P < 0.05.

Table 1. General stand and soil characteristics of the study site before fertilizer application.

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Table 2. Results of ANOVA on the effects of compound fertilizer types (F), sampling month (M), and litterfall component (C) on litterfall C and N dynamics following compound fertilizer application in a red pine stand.

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Table 3. Carbon and nitrogen fluxes via litterfall components by compound fertilizer types.

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