그림 1. 실험에 사용된 Private LoRa 모듈 Fig. 1. The Private LoRa module used in the experiment.
그림 2. LoRa Class A의 동작 방식 Fig. 2. Behavior of LoRa class A.
그림 3. LoRa Class B의 동작 방식 Fig. 3. Behavior of LoRa class B.
그림 4. LoRa Class C의 동작 방식 Fig. 4. Behavior of LoRa class C.
그림 5. 실험 건물 내부 구성도 및 모듈 배치 위치 Fig. 5. Structure of the experimental building and location of module placement.
그림 6. 게이트웨이와 동일 층 실험 결과 Fig. 6. The same floor experiment results as the gateway.
그림 7. 3층 실험 결과 Fig. 7. 3rd floor experiment result.
그림 8. 2층 실험 결과 Fig. 8. 2nd floor experiment result.
그림 9. 1층 실험 결과 Fig. 9. 1st floor experiment result.
표 1. 전파의 분류 Table 1. Classification of radio waves.
표 2. LoRaWANTM 특징 Table 2. LoRaWANTM Features.
표 3. RF 설정 Parameter Table 3. RF Parameter Setting.
References
- G. Peralta, M. Iglesias-Urkia, M. Barcelo, R. Gomez, A. Moran, and J. Bilbao, "Fog computing based efficient IoT scheme for the Industry 4.0," in Proceeding of 2017 IEEE International Workshop of Electronics, Control, Measurement, Signals and their Application to Mechatronics(ECMSM), Donostia-San Sebastian: Spain, pp.1-6, 2017.
- C. Scheuermann, S. Verclas, and B. Bruegge, "Agile factory -An example of an Industry 4.0 manufacturing process," in Proceeding of 2015 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, Networks, and Applications, Hong Kong: China, pp.43-47, 2015.
- X. Li, D. Li, J. Wan, A. V. Vasilakos, C. F. Lai, and S. Wang, “A review of industrial wireless networks in the context of Industry 4.0,” Wireless Networks, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 23-41, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-015-1133-7
- R. S. Sinha, Y. Wei, and S. H. Hwang "A survey on LPWA technology: LoRa and NB-IoT," Ict Express, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 14-21, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2017.03.004
- U. Raza, P. Kulkarni, and M. Sooriyabandara, "Low power wide area networks: An overview," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 855-873, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2017.2652320
- P. Thubert, A. Pelov, and S. Krishnan, "Low-power wide-area networks at the IETF," IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 76-79, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOMSTD.2017.1600002ST
- C. S. Yoon, Performance Improvement of the UHF-Band RFID Reader System in Fading Channel Environments, M.S. dissertation, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, 2008.
- J. G. Lee and Y. S. Lee, "A study on the technology development of user-based home automation service," Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 327-332, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.3.327
- U. Noreen, A. Bounceur, and L. Clavier, "A study of LoRa low power and wide area network technology", in Proceedings of the Advanced Technologies for Signal and Image Processing(ATSIP), 2017 International Conference, Fez: Morocco, 2017.
- G. A. Akpakwu, B. J. Silva, G. P. Hancke, and A. M. Abu-Mahfouz, "A survey on 5G networks for the internet of things: communication technologies and challenges," IEEE Access, Vol. 6, pp. 3619-3647, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2779844
- D. Ismail, M. Rahman, and A. Saifullah, "Low-power wide-area networks: opportunities, challenges, and directions," in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking(ICDCN), Varanasi: India, 2018.
- SK Telecom 5G Tech Lab., Low power IoT LoRa device technical requirements, SK Telecom, Technical Requirements LoRa-1.8, July 2016.