Fig. 1. Correlation between energy yield & mass yield of torre-fied biomass
Fig. 4. -OH quantity of biomass from 3,400-3200 cm-1
Fig. 5. C-O-(H) quantity of biomass from 1,040-1,110 cm-1
Fig. 2. Moisture absorption ratio of raw and torrefied (a) wood pellet, (b) EFB, (c) Kenaf
Fig. 3. FT-IR spectra of raw and torrefied (a) wood pellet, (b) EFB, (c) Kenaf
Table 4. The main functional groups of the hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin
Table 1. Proximate and calorific value analysis of the samples
Table 2. Ultimate analysis of the samples
Table 3. Equations for HHV
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