ETRI Journal

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (한국전자통신연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

High Embedding Capacity and Robust Audio Watermarking for Secure Transmission Using Tamper Detection

  • Kaur, Arashdeep (Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology) ;
  • Dutta, Malay Kishore (Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology)
  • Received : 2017.01.31
  • Accepted : 2017.10.30
  • Published : 2018.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Robustness, payload, and imperceptibility of audio watermarking algorithms are contradictory design issues with high-level security of the watermark. In this study, the major issue in achieving high payload along with adequate robustness against challenging signal-processing attacks is addressed. Moreover, a security code has been strategically used for secure transmission of data, providing tamper detection at the receiver end. The high watermark payload in this work has been achieved by using the complementary features of third-level detailed coefficients of discrete wavelet transform where the human auditory system is not sensitive to alterations in the audio signal. To counter the watermark loss under challenging attacks at high payload, Daubechies wavelets that have an orthogonal property and provide smoother frequencies have been used, which can protect the data from loss under signal-processing attacks. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm has demonstrated adequate robustness against signal processing attacks at 4,884.1 bps. Among the evaluators, 87% have rated the proposed algorithm to be remarkable in terms of transparency.

Keywords

References

  1. W. Bender, D. Gruhl, and N. Morimoto, "Techniques for Data Hiding," IBM Syst. J., vol. 35, no. 3/4, 1996, pp. 131-336.
  2. H.T. Hu, L.Y. Hsu, and H.H. Chou, "Perceptual Based DWPT-DCT Framework for Selective Blind Audio Watermarking," Signal Process., vol. 105, Dec. 2014, pp. 316-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2014.05.003
  3. H.T. Hu and L.Y. Hsu, "Robust, Transparent and High Capacity Audio Watermarking in DCT Domain," Signal Process., vol. 109, no. C, Apr. 2015, pp. 226-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2014.11.011
  4. M. Fallahpour and D. Megias, "High Capacity Method for Real-Time Audio Data Hiding Using the FFT Transform," Adv. Inform. Sec. Appl., vol. 36, 2009, pp. 91-97.
  5. M. Fallahpour and D. Megias, "Audio Watermarking Based on Fibonacci Number," IEEE/ACM Trans. Audio Speech Language Proc., vol. 23, no. 8, Aug. 2015, pp. 1273-1282. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASLP.2015.2430818
  6. S.-T. Chen, C.-Y. Hsu, and H.-N. Huang, "Wavelet-Domain Audio Watermarking Using Optimal Modification on Low-Frequency Amplitude," IET Signal Proc., vol. 9, no. 2, 2015, pp. 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-spr.2013.0399
  7. M. Mosleh, H. Latifpour, M. Kheyrandish, M. Mosleh, and N. Hosseinpour, "A Robust Intelligent Audio Watermarking Scheme Using Support Vector Machine," Front. Inform. Technol. Electron. Eng., vol. 17, no. 12, Dec. 2016, pp. 1320-1330. https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.1500297
  8. P. Hu, D. Peng, Z. Yi, and Y. Xiang "Robust Time-Spread Echo Watermarking Using Characteristics of Host Signals," IEEE Electron. Lett., vol. 52, no. 1, 2016, pp. 5-6. https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.1508
  9. R. Li, S. Xu, and H. Yang, "Spread Spectrum Audio Watermarking Based on Perceptual; Characteristic Aware Extraction," IET Signal Proc. Lett., vol. 10, no. 3, Apr. 2016, pp. 266-273. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-spr.2014.0388
  10. Y. Erfani, R. Pichevar, and J. Rouat, "Audio Watermarking Using Spikegram and a Two-Dictionary Approach," IEEE Trans. Inform. Forensics Secur., vol. 12, no. 4, Apr. 2017, pp. 840-852. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2016.2636094
  11. A. Kaur, M.K. Dutta, K.M. Soni, and N. Taneja, "Localized & Self Adaptive Audio Watermarking Algorithm in Wavelet Domain," J. Inform. Security Appl., vol. 33, no. 1, Apr. 2017, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2016.12.003
  12. S. Wu, J. Huang, D. Huang, and Y.Q. Shi, "Efficiently Self-Synchronized Audio Watermarking for Assured Data Transmission," IEEE Trans. Broadcast, vol. 51, no. 1, Mar. 2007, pp. 69-76.
  13. W. Li, X. Xue, and P. Lu, "Localized Audio Watermarking Technique Robust Against Time Scale Modification," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 8, no. 1, Feb. 2006, pp. 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2005.861291
  14. A. Kaur, M.K. Dutta, K.M. Soni, and N. Taneja, "A Blind Audio Watermarking Algorithm Robust Against Synchronization Attacks," IEEE Int. Conf. Signal Process., Comput. Contr., Solan, India, Sept. 26-28, 2013, pp. 1-6.
  15. R. Wang, D. Xu, J. Chen, and C. Du, "Digital Audio Watermarking Algorithm Based on Linear Predictive Coding in Wavelet Domain," IEEE Int. Conf. Signal Process., (ICSP), Beijing, China, 2004, pp. 2393-2396.
  16. S. Xiang and J. Huang, "Histogram Based Audio Watermarking Against Time Scale Modification and Cropping Attacks," IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 9, no. 7, Nov. 2007, pp. 1357-1372. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2007.906580
  17. C.Y. Chang, W.C. Shen, and H.J. Wang, "Using Counter-Propagation Neural Network for Robust Digital Audio Watermarking in DWT Domain," IEEE Int. Conf. Syst., Man Cybernetics, Taipei, Taiwan, Oct. 8-11, 2006, pp. 1214-1219.
  18. P.K. Dhar and T. Shimamura, "Entropy-Based Audio Watermarking Using Singular Value Decomposition and Log-Polar Transformation," IEEE Int. Midwest Symp. Circuits Syst., Columbus, OH, USA, Aug. 4-7, 2013, pp. 1224-1227.
  19. V. Bhat, I. Sengupta, and A. Das, "An Audio Watermarking Scheme Using Singular Value Decomposition and dithermodulation Quantization," Multimed. Tools Appl., vol. 52, no. 2-3, Apr. 2011, pp. 369-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0515-1
  20. M. Hemis, B. Boudraa, and T. Merazi-Meksen, "Optimized Audio Watermarking Scheme with Swarm Intelligence," IEEE First Int. Conf. New Technol. Inform. Commun. (NTIC), Mila, Algeria, Nov. 8-9, 2015, pp. 1-6.
  21. A. Kaur, M.K. Dutta, K.M. Soni, and N. Taneja, "Hiding Biometric Features in Audio Signals Using Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalisation," Int. J. Electron. Security Digit. Forensics, vol. 8, no. 1, Dec. 2016, pp. 63-81. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESDF.2016.073735

Cited by

  1. Design of wireless audio transmission system for college English language teaching vol.21, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3233/jcm-215558