DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of Some Commercially Available Mouthwashes on Teeth

일부 시판 구강양치액이 치아에 미치는 영향

  • Min, Ji-Hyun (Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Cheongju University)
  • 민지현 (청주대학교 보건의료과학대학 치위생학과)
  • Received : 2018.07.12
  • Accepted : 2018.08.12
  • Published : 2018.08.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical properties of some commercially available mouthwashes and to ascertain whether the mouthwashes accelerated mineral loss in dental enamel. Five commercially available mouthwashes were selected from the three largest malls in Korea: Perio Total 7 Aqua Cool Mint Strong $Fresh^{TM}$ (PS; LG Household & Health Care Ltd.), Garglin $Original^{TM}$ (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Garglin $Zero^{TM}$ (Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Listerine Naturals $Citrus^{TM}$ (LC; IDS Manufacturing Ltd.), and Listerine Cool $Mint^{TM}$ (LM; IDS Manufacturing Ltd.). The composition, pH, and titratable acidity of the mouthwashes were investigated. Six bovine teeth specimens were prepared for each mouthwash group. Each of the six specimens was individually immersed in 30 ml aliquots of mouthwash for 1 minute, 30 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes, and the samples were placed in a $36.5^{\circ}C$ stirred incubator. The degree of mineral loss (${\Delta}F$) of the tooth surface area exposed to mouthwash, compared with normal teeth, was analyzed by quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital. The difference in ${\Delta}F$ among mouthwash groups was examined by the Kruskal-Wallis H test (${\alpha}=0.05$). The contents of mouthwashes differed between Listerine and other products, and the pH ranged from 4.09 to 6.75. The titratable acidity of PS was the lowest at 0.63 ml and highest at 9.25 ml for LM. Minor mineral loss was observed when dental specimens were immersed in the Listerine products (LC and LM) for more than 90 minutes, but the degree of mineral loss for Listerine products was not statistically significantly different from that for groups without mineral loss. In conclusion, all five commercially available mouthwashes showed no harmful effects on tooth enamel.

본 연구는 일부 시판 구강양치액의 화학적 특성을 조사하고, 구강양치액이 치아에 무기질 소실에 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 하였다. 국내 3대 대형마트에서 공통으로 시판되는 구강양치액 5개 제품을 선정하였다(페리오토탈7 스트롱후레쉬[PS], 가그린 오리지널[GO], 가그린 제로[GZ], 리스테린 시트러스[LC], 리스테린 쿨민트[LM]). 구강양치액의 구성 성분과 pH와 적정산도를 조사하였다. 각 구강양치액 군별로 6개의 우치시편을 제작하였다. 각 구강양치액 30ml에 우치 시편 6개씩을 1분, 30분, 90분, 120분간 침적하였으며, 이때 $36.5^{\circ}C$ 교반 배양기에 위치하였다. 이후 치아의 무기질 소실 정도는 QLF-D를 이용하여 정상치아 대비구강양치액 노출 부위의 무기질 소실 정도(${\Delta}F$)를 분석하였다. 구강양치액군 간의 ${\Delta}F$의 차이를 Kruskal-Wallis H검정을 시행하여 알아보았다(${\alpha}=0.05$). 구강양치액의 성분은 리스테린 제품과 그 외 제품별로 차이가 있었으며, pH는 4.09~6.75의 범위를 보였다. 적정산도는 PS 제품이 평균 0.63 ml로 가장 적었으며 LM은 9.25 ml로 조사 제품 중 가장 높은 적정산도 값을 보였다. 리스테린 제품, LC와 LM에 90분 이상 치아 시편을 침적하였을 때 매우 적은 무기질 소실이 확인되었으나 통계적으로는 무기질 소실이 일어나지 않은 군과 유의한 차이가 확인되지 않았다(p>0.05). 결론적으로 시판 구강양치액 5종 모두 치아의 법랑질에는 위해가 없음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA): American Dental Hygienists' Association educational standards position paper 2011. ADHA Publishing, Chicago, pp.1-3, 2011.
  2. Darby ML, Walsh MM: Dental hygiene: theory and practice. 4th ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, pp.1-12, 2015.
  3. van der Weijden F, Slot DE: Oral hygiene in the prevention of periodontal diseases: the evidence. Periodontol 2000 55: 104-123, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00337.x
  4. Searching on PubMed: oral care products. Retrieved July 9, 2018, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=oral+care+products(2018, July 9).
  5. Jin BH, Ma DS, Jeong SH, et al.: A study on standards and specifications for systematic management of oral care products. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, pp.1-28, 2017.
  6. Harrison P: Plaque control and oral hygiene methods. J Ir Dent Assoc 63: 151-156, 2017.
  7. Pontefract H, Hughes J, Kemp K, Yates R, Newcombe RG, Addy M: The erosive effects of some mouthrinses on enamel: a study in situ. J Clin Periodontol 28: 319-324, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-51x.2001.028004319.x
  8. Choi HJ, Lee HJ, Jeong SS, Choi CJ, Hong SJ: Effect of mouthrinse with low pH on the surface microhardness of artificial carious enamel. J Korean Acad Oral Health 36: 161-166, 2012.
  9. Vani G, Babu Ganesh M, Panchanatham N: Toothpaste brands: a study of consumer behavior in Bangalore city. J Econ Behav Stud 1: 27-39, 2010.
  10. Opeodu OI, Gbadebo SO: Factors influencing choice of oral hygiene products by dental patients in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 15: 51-56, 2017.
  11. Han YS, Lee JE, Moon HJ, Lim SR, Cho YS: An analysis on the purchase satisfaction, repurchase intention and recommendation according toothpaste choice standard. J Dent Hyg Sci 15: 77-82, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2015.15.1.77
  12. Kim SK: A study on the status of recognition and practical application of oral hygiene devices: with outpatient as the central figure. J Dent Hyg Sci 2: 95-103, 2002.
  13. Ganss C, Klimek J, Schäffer U, Spall T: Effectiveness of two fluoridation measures on erosion progression in human enamel and dentine in vitro. Caries Res 35: 325-330, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1159/000047470
  14. Kim BI, Kwon HK, Kim YS, et al.: Textbook of oral care products. 2nd ed. CharmYun Publishing, Seoul, pp.87-95, 2016.
  15. Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M: Biological effects of essential oils: a review. Food Chem Toxicol 46:446-475, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106
  16. Santos FA, Rao VS: Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of 1,8-cineole a terpenoid oxide present in many plant essential oils. Phytother Res 14: 240-244, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200006)14:4<240::aid-ptr573>3.0.co;2-x
  17. Fine DH, Furgang D, Sinatra K, Charles C, McGuire A, Kumar LD: In vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of an essential oil-containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single use and 14 days’ use. J Clin Periodontol 32: 335-340, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00674.x
  18. Ingram LO: Ethanol tolerance in bacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 9: 305-319, 1989. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388558909036741
  19. Sissons CH, Wong L, Cutress TW: Inhibition by ethanol of the growth of biofilm and dispersed microcosm dental plaques. Arch Oral Biol 41: 27-34, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(95)00103-4
  20. ten Cate JM, Imfeld T: Dental erosion, summary. Eur J Oral Sci 104: 241-244, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00073.x
  21. Dawes C: What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid? J Can Dent Assoc 69: 722-724, 2003.
  22. Meurman JH, ten Cate JM: Pathogenesis and modifying factors of dental erosion. Eur J Oral Sci 104: 199-206, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00068.x
  23. Pretty IA, Edgar WM, Higham SM: The validation of quantitative light-induced fluorescence to quantify acid erosion of human enamel. Arch Oral Biol 49: 285-294, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2003.11.008
  24. Emami Z, al-Khateeb S, de Josselin de Jong E, Sundstrom F, Trollsas K, Angmar-Mansson B: Mineral loss in incipient caries lesions quantified with laser fluorescence and longitudinal microradiography: a methodologic study. Acta Odontol Scand 54: 8-13, 1996. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016359609003502
  25. Nakata K, Nikaido T, Ikeda M, Foxton RM, Tagami J: Relationship between fluorescence loss of QLF and depth of demineralization in an enamel erosion model. Dent Mater J 28: 523-529, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.28.523
  26. Pretty IA, Edgar WM, Higham SM: The erosive potential of commercially available mouthrinses on enamel as measured by Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF). J Dent 31: 313-319, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-5712(03)00067-8