References
- A. H. Mokdad, J. S. Marks, D. F. Stroup, J. L. Gerberding, "Actual causes of death in the United States", JAMA. Vol.10, NO.291 pp. 1238-1245, (2004).
- H. Bronnum-Hansen, K. Juel, M. Davidsen, J. Sorensen, "Impact of selected risk factors on quality-adjusted life expectancy in Denmark", Scandinavia J Public Health, Vol.35, NO.5 pp. 510-515, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1080/14034940701271908
- J. Tuomilehto, J. Lindstrom, J. G. Eriksson, T. T. Valle, H. Hamalainen, P. Ilanne-Parikka, S. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, M. Laakso, A, Louheranta, M, Rastas, V, Salminen, M. M. Uusitupa, "Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance", N England J Medicine, Vol.3, No.18 pp. 1343-1350, (2007).
- M. Nocon, T. Hiemann, F. Muller-Riemenschneider, F, Thalau, S. Roll, S. N. Willich, "Association of physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and metaanalysis", Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil., Vol.15, NO.3 pp. 239-246, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282f55e09
- K. Y. Wolin, Y. Yan. G. A. Colditz, I. M. Lee, "Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis", Br J Cancer, Vol.24, No.4 pp. 611-616, (2009).
- E. M. Monninkhof, S. G. Elias, F. A. Vlems, I. van der Tweel, A. J. Schuit, D. W. Voskuil F. E. van Leeuwen, "Physical activity and breast cancer: a systematic review", Epidemiology, Vol.18, NO.1 pp. 137-157, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000251167.75581.98
- S. Rovio, I, Kareholt E. L. Helkala, M. Viitanen, B. Winblad, J. Tuomilehto, H. Soininen, A. Nissinen, M. Kivipelto, "Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease", Lancet Neurology, Vol.4, No.11 pp. 705-711, (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70198-8
- P. Komulainen, M. Pedersen, T. Hanninen, H. Bruunsgaard, T. A. Lakka, M. Kivipelto, M. Hassinen, T. H. Rauramaa, B. K. Pedersen, R. Rauramaa, "BDNF is a novel marker of cognitive function in ageing women: the DR's EXTRA Study", Neurobiology Learn Mem, Vol.90, NO.4 pp. 596-603, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2008.07.014
- R. S. Paffenbarger, I. M. Lee, R. Leung, "Physical activity and personal characteristics associated with depression and suicide in American college men", Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavia, Vol.377, pp. 16-22, (1994).
- C. P. Fischer, A. Berntsen, L. B. Perstrup, P. Eskildsen, B. K. Pedersen, "Plasma levels of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein are associated with physical inactivity independent of obesity", Scandinavia J Med Science Sports, Vol.17, NO.5 pp. 580-587, (2007).
- B. K. Pedersen, "IL-6 signalling in exercise and disease". Biochemical Society Trans, Vol.35, pp. 1295-1297, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1042/BST0351295
- B. K. Pedersen, "Muscles and their myokines", J Exp Biol, Vol.15, No.214 pp. 337-346, (2011).
- B. K. Pedersen, M. A. Febbraio, "Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6", Physiology Review, Vol.88, pp. 1379-1406, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.90100.2007
- A. Steensberg, G. van Hall, T. Osada, M. Sacchetti, B. Saltin, B. Klarlund Pedersen, "Production of interleukin-6 in contracting human skeletal muscles can account for the exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6", J Physiol, Vol.15, No.529 pp. 237-242, (2000).
- J, Henningsen, K. T. Rigbolt, B. Blagoev, B. K. Pedersen, I. Kratchmarova, "Dynamics of the skeletal muscle secretome during myoblast differentiation", Mol cell Proteomics, Vol.9, pp. 2482-2496, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M110.002113
- B. K. Pedersen, "Muscular interleukin-6 and its role as an energy sensor", Medicine Science Sports Exercise, Vol.44, pp. 392-396, (2012). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822f94ac
- K. Ostrowski, P. Schjerling, B. K. Pedersen, "Physical activity and plasma interleukin-6 in humans: effect of intensity of exercise", European J Applied Physiology, Vol.83, pp. 512-515, (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210000312
- C. P. Fischer, "Interleukin-6 in acute exercise and training: what is the biological relevance?", Exercise Immunology Rev, Vol.12, pp. 6-33, (2006).
- C. Keller, A. Steensberg, H. Pilegaard, T. Osada, B. Saltin, B. K. Pedersen, P. Neufer, "Transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene in human contracting skeletal muscle: influence of muscle glycogen content", FASEB J, Vol.15, pp. 2748-2750, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.01-0507fje
- D. L. MacIntyre, S. Sorichter, J. Mair, A. Berg, D. C. "McKenzie, Markers of inflammation and myofibrillar proteins following eccentric exercise in humans", Eur J Appl Physiol, Vol.84, pp. 180-186, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210170002
- D. A. Henson, D. C. Nieman, S. L. Nehlsen-Cannarella, O. R. Fagoaga, M. Shannon, M. R. Bolton, J. M. Davis, C. T. Gaffney, W. J. Kelln, M. D. Austin, J. M. Hjertman, B. K. Schilling, "Influence of carbohydrate on cytokine and phagocytic responses to 2h of rowing". Med Sci Sports Exerc, Vol.32, pp. 1384-1389, (2000). https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200008000-00005
- B. K. Pedersen, C. P. Fischer, "Beneficial health effects of exercise the role of IL-6 as a myokine. Beneficial health effects of exercise--the role of IL-6 as a myokine", Trends Pharmacology Science, Vol.28, No.4 pp. 152-156, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2007.02.002
- R. Roubenoff, H. Parise, H. A. Payette, L. W. Abad, R. D'Agostino, P. F. Jacques, P. W. Wilson, C. A. Dinarello, T. B. Harris, "Cytokines, insulin-like growth factor 1, sarcopenia, and mortality in very old community-dwelling men and women: the Framingham Heart Study", Am J Medicine, Vol.115, pp. 429-435, (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.05.001
- C. Keller, A. Steensberg, A. K. Hansen, C. P. Fischer, P. Plomgaard, B. K. Pedersen, "The effect of exercise, training, and glycogen availability on IL-6 receptor expression in human skeletal muscle", J Applied Physiology, Vol.99, pp. 2075-2079, (2005). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00590.2005
- B. K. Pedersen, "Distinguished Lecture: Muscle as an endocrine organ: IL-6 and other myokines", J Appl Physiol, Vol.107, pp. 1006-1014, (2009). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00734.2009
- N. A-Shanti, A. Saini, S. H. Faulkner, C. E. Stewart, "Beneficial synergistic interactions of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in C2 skeletal myoblasts-potential cross-talk with IGF system", Growth Factors, Vol.26, pp. 61-73, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1080/08977190802025024
- M, Hashizume, N, Hayakawa, M, Suzuki, M. Mihara, "IL-6/sIL-6R trans-signalling, but not TNF-alpha induced angiogenesis in a HUVEC and synovial cell co-culture system", Rheumatology Int, Vol.29, pp. 1449-1454, (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-009-0885-8
- N. H. Yeo, N. H., J. Woo, K. O. Shin, J. Y. Park, & S. Kang. "The effects of different exercise intensity on myokine and angiogenesis factors", Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, Vol. 52, pp. 448-454, (2012).
- K. R. Wilund, "Is the anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise responsible for reduced cardiovascular disease?", Clin Sci (Lond), Vol.112, No.11 pp. 543-555, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20060368
- B. K. Pedersen, M. Febbraio, "Muscle-derived interleukin-6--a possible link between skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and brain", Brain Behav Immun, Vol.19, No.5 pp. 371-376, (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2005.04.008
- B. K. Pedersen, "The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise: its role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease control", Essays Biochem, Vol.42, pp. 105-117, (2006). https://doi.org/10.1042/bse0420105
- K. Nelms, A. D. Keegan, J. Zamorano J. J. Ryan, W. E. Paul, "The IL-4 receptor: signaling mechanisms and biologic functions", Annu Rev Immunol, Vol.17, pp. 701-738. (1999). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.701
- W. E. Paul, "Interleukin-4: a prototypic immunoregulatory lymphokine". Blood. Vol.1, No.77 pp. 1859-1870, (1991).
- V. Jacquemin, G. S. Butler-Browne, D. Furling, V. Mouly, "IL-13 mediates the recruitment of reserve cells for fusion during IGF-1-induced hypertrophy of human myotubes", J Cell Sci, Vol.15, No.120 pp. 670-681. (2007).
- J. W. Lowenthal, B. E. Castle, J. Christiansen, J. Schreurs, D. Rennick, N. Arai, P. Hoy, Y. Takebe, M. Howard, "Expression of high affinity receptors for murine interleukin 4 (BSF-1) on hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic cells", J Immunol. Vol.15, No.140 pp. 456-464, (1998).
- J. G. Van Den Berg, J. Aten, J. Chand, M.A. Claessen, N. Dijkink, L. Wijdenes, J. Lakkis, F.G. Weening, "Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 act on glomerular visceral epithelial cells", J Am Soc Nephrol., Vol.11, No.3 pp. 413-422, (2000).
- O. Prokopchuk, Y. Liu, D. Henne-Bruns, M. Kornmann, "Interleukin-4 enhances proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells: evidence for autocrine and paracrine actions", Br J Cancer, Vol.14, No.92 pp. 921-928, (2005).
- V. Horsley, K. M. Jansen, S. T. Mills, G. K. Pavlath, "IL-4 acts as a myoblast recruitment factor during mammalian muscle growth", Cell, Vol. 113, pp. 483-494, (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00319-2
- M. Schulze, F. Belema-Bedada, A. Technau, T. Braun, "Mesenchymal stem cells are recruited to striated muscle by NFAT/IL-4-mediated cell fusion", Genes Dev, Vol.1, No. 19 pp. 1787-1798, (2005).
- Y. Liu, A. Schlumberger, K. Wirth, D. Schmidtbleicher, J. M. Steinacker, "Different effects on human skeletal myosin heavy chain isoform expression: strength vs. combination training", J Appl Physiol, Vol.94, No.6 pp. 2282-2288. (2003). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00830.2002
- F. Kadi, P. Schjerling, L. L. Andersen, N. Charifi, J. L. Madsen, L. R. Christensen, J. R. Andersen, "The effects of heavy resistance training and detraining on satellite cells in human skeletal muscles", J Physiol. Vol.1, No.558 pp. 1005-1012, (2004).
- F. B. Aiello, J. R. Keller, K. D. Klarmann, G. Dranoff, R. Mazzucchelli, S. K. Durum, "IL-7 induces myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis", J Immunol, Vol.1, No.178 pp. 1553-1563, (2007).
- U. von Freeden-Jeffry, P. Vieira, L. A. Lucian, T. McNeil, S. E. Burdach, R. Murray, "Lymphopenia in interleukin (IL)-7 gene-deleted mice identifies IL-7 as a nonredundant cytokine", J Exp Med, Vol.181, No.4 pp. 1519-1526, (1995). https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.181.4.1519
- C. Kittipatarin, A. R. "Khaled, Interlinking interleukin-7", Cytokine, Vol.39, No.1 pp. 75-83, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2007.07.183
- A. L. Hansen, B. H. Johnsen, J. J. Sollers, K. Stenvik, J. F. Thayer, "Heart rate variability and its relation to prefrontal cognitive function: the effects of training and detraining", Eur J Appl Physiol, Vol.93, No.3 pp. 263-272, (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-004-1208-0
- A, E. Namen, S. Lupton, K. Hjerrild, J. Wignall, D. Y. Mochizuki, A. Schmierer, B. Mosley, C. J. March, D. Urdal, S. Gillis, "Stimulation of B-cell progenitors by cloned murine interleukin-7", Nature, Vol.333, No.6173 pp. 571-573, (1988). https://doi.org/10.1038/333571a0
- R. Mazzucchelli, S. K. Durum, "Interleukin-7 receptor expression: intelligent design", Nat Rev Immunol, Vol.7, No.2 pp. 144-154, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2023
- F. Haugen, F. Norheim, H. Lian, A. J. Wensaas, S. Dueland, O. Berg, A. Funderud, B. S. Skalhegg, T. Raastad, C. A. Drevon, "IL-7 is expressed and secreted by human skeletal muscle cells", Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. Vol. 298, No.4 pp. 807-816. (2010).
- M. H. Chan, A. L. Carey, M. J. Watt, M. A. Febbraio, "Cytokine gene expression in human skeletal muscle during concentric contraction: evidence that IL-8, like IL-6, is influenced by glycogen availability", Am J Physiology Regular Integration Comp Physiology, Vol. 287, pp. R322-R327, (2004). https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00030.2004
- L. Frydelund-Larsen, M. Penkowa, T. Akerstrom, A. Zankari, S. Nielsen, B. K. Pedersen, "Exercise induces interleukin-8 receptor (CXCR2) expression in human skeletal muscle", Express Physiology, Vol.92, pp. 233-240, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2006.034769
- T. Akerstrom, A. Steensberg, P. Keller, C. Keller, M. Penkowa, B. K. Pedersen, "Exercise induces interleukin-8 expression in human skeletal muscle", J Physiology, Vol.1, No.2 pp. 507-516, (2005).
- E. L. Bek M. A. McMillen, P. Scott, L. D. L. D. Angus, G. W. Shaftan, "The effect of diabetes on endothelin, interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in rats", Clinical Science, Vol.103, No.48 pp. 424S-29S, (2002). https://doi.org/10.1042/CS103S424S
- D. J. Waugh, C. Wilson, "The interleukin-8 pathway in cancer", Clinical Cancer Research, Vol.1, No.14 pp. 6735-6741, (2008).
- A. R. Nielsen, P. Hojman, P. Erikstrup, C. P. Fischer, P. Plomgaard, R. Mounier, O. H. Mortensen, C. Broholm, S. Taudorf, R. Krogh-Madsen, B. Lindegaard, A. M. Petersen, J. Gehl, B. K. Pedersen, "Association between interleukin-15 and obesity: interleukin- 15 as a potential regulator of fat mass", J Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism, Vol.93, pp. 4486-449, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2561
- N. Carbo, J. Lopez-Soriano, P. Costelli, B. Alvarez, S. Busquets, F. Baccino, L. S. Quinn, F. J. Lopez-Soriano, J. M. Argiles, "Interleukin-15 mediates reciprocal regulation of adipose and muscle mass: a potential role in body weight control", Biochim Biophysics Acta, Vol.1526, pp. 17-24, (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(00)00188-4
- A. R. Nielsen, R. Mounier, P. Plomgaard, O. H. Mortensen, M. Penkowa, T. Speerschneider, H. Pilegaard, B. K. Pedersen, "Expression of interleukin-15 in human skeletal muscle effect of exercise and muscle fibre type composition", J Physiology, Vol.584, pp. 305-312, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.139618
- S. E. G. Riechman, S. M. Balasekaran, R. E, Roth, "Association of interleukin-15 protein and interleukin-15 receptor genetic variation with resistance exercise training responses", Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol.97, No.6 pp. 2214-2219, (2004). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00491.2004
- Y. K. Tamura, T. Watanabe, J. Kantani, N. Hayashi, M. Ishida, "Upregulation of circulating IL-15 by treadmill running in healthy individuals: is IL-15 an endocrine mediator of the beneficial effects of endurance exercise?", Endocrine Journal, Vol.58, No.3 pp. 211-215, (2011). https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.K10E-400