Tribology and Lubricants

Korean Tribology Society (한국트라이볼로지학회)
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A Study on the Effect of UNSM Treatment on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of STS 316L Printed by Selective Laser Melting

SLM 방식으로 출력된 STS 316L의 기계적 및 마찰·마모 특성에 미치는 UNSM처리 후 영향에 관한 연구

  • Ro, J.S. (Graduate School, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University) ;
  • Sanseong, C.H. (Graduate School, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University) ;
  • Umarov, R. (Graduate School, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University) ;
  • Pyun, Y.S. (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University) ;
  • Amanov, A. (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sun Moon University)
  • Received : 2018.07.27
  • Accepted : 2018.11.10
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

STS 316L prepared by additive manufacturing (AM) exhibits deterioration of mechanical properties and wear resistance due to the presence of defects such as black-of-fusion defects, internal porosity, residual stress, and anisotropy. In addition, high surface roughness (integrity) of AM products remains an issue. This study aimed to apply ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) technology to STS 316L prepared by AM to increase the surface hardness, to reduce the surface roughness, and to improve the friction and wear behavior to the level achieved by bulk material manufactured using traditional processes. Herein, the as-received and polished specimens were treated by UNSM technology and their resulting properties were compared and discussed. The results showed that UNSM technology increased the surface hardness and reduced the surface roughness of the as-received and polished specimens. These results can be attributed to grain size refinement and pore elimination from the surface. Moreover, the friction of the as-received and polished specimens after UNSM technology was lower compared to those of the as-received and polished specimens, but no significant differences in wear resistance were found.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Dimensions of test specimen in mm.

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Fig. 1. Dimensions of test specimen in mm.

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Fig. 2. Basic principle of SLM.

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Fig. 2. Basic principle of SLM.

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Fig. 3. Schematic view of a UNSM process.

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Fig. 3. Schematic view of a UNSM process.

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Fig. 4. Schematic view of a reciprocating wear tester.

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Fig. 4. Schematic view of a reciprocating wear tester.

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Fig. 5. Comparison in surface roughness and hardness before and after UNSM treatment.

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Fig. 5. Comparison in surface roughness and hardness before and after UNSM treatment.

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Fig. 6. Cross-sectional SEM morphologies of the untreated (a) and UNSM-treated (b) specimens.

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Fig. 6. Cross-sectional SEM morphologies of the untreated (a) and UNSM-treated (b) specimens.

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Fig. 7. SEM images of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a and c) and UNSM-treated (b and d) specimens.

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Fig. 7. SEM images of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a and c) and UNSM-treated (b and d) specimens.

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Fig. 8. EDX images of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a1 and c1) and UNSM-treated (b1 and d1) specimens.

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Fig. 8. EDX images of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a1 and c1) and UNSM-treated (b1 and d1) specimens.

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Fig. 9. Comparison in XRD patterns before and after UNSM treatment.

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Fig. 9. Comparison in XRD patterns before and after UNSM treatment.

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Fig. 10. Friction coefficient and wear track profiles of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens.

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Fig. 10. Friction coefficient and wear track profiles of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated and UNSM-treated specimens.

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Fig. 11. SEM images showing wear track of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a and c) and UNSM-treated (b and d) specimens.

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Fig. 11. SEM images showing wear track of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a and c) and UNSM-treated (b and d) specimens.

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Fig. 12. EDX images of the wear track of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a1, a2, c1, c2) and UNSM-treated (b1, b2, d1, d2) specimens.

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Fig. 12. EDX images of the wear track of the as-received and polished surfaces of the untreated (a1, a2, c1, c2) and UNSM-treated (b1, b2, d1, d2) specimens.

Table 1. Physical properties of STS 316L powder

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Table 1. Physical properties of STS 316L powder

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Table 2. Chemical composition of STS 316L in wt. %

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Table 2. Chemical composition of STS 316L in wt. %

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Table 3. Mechanical properties of STS 316L

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Table 3. Mechanical properties of STS 316L

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Table 4. SLM process conditions

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Table 4. SLM process conditions

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Table 5. UNSM treatment parameters

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Table 5. UNSM treatment parameters

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Table 6. Tribo-test conditions

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Table 6. Tribo-test conditions

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Table 7. Surface measurement conditions

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Table 7. Surface measurement conditions

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