Fig. 1. XRD patterns of particle electrode (NZVI/AC).
Fig. 2. SEM images of (a) AC, (b) NZVI/AC and (c) EDS analysis result of particle electrode (NZVI/AC).
Fig. 3. Electrochemical degradation of phenol using particle electrode (phenol: 100 mg/L, persulfate: 2000 mg/L, NZVI/AC: 500 mg/L, Fe loading: 1%, EC: 5 mA/cm2, Na2SO4: 50 mM, initial pH: 3, temperature: 25℃).
Fig. 4. Effect of current density on phenol degradation by particle electrode and persulfate (phenol: 100 mg/L, persulfate: 2000 mg/L, NZVI/AC: 500 mg/L, Fe loading: 0.2%, Na2SO4: 50 mM, initial pH: 3, temperature: 25℃).
Fig. 5. Effect of Fe loading on (a) degradation of phenol and (b) decomposition of persulfate by particle electrode (phenol: 100 mg/L, persulfate: 2000 mg/L, NZVI/AC: 500 mg/L, Fe loading: 1%, EC: 5 mA/cm2, Na2SO4: 50 mM, initial pH: 3, temperature: 25℃).
Fig. 6. Reusability test for particle electrode and evolution of total dissolved iron (phenol: 100 mg/L, persulfate: 2000 mg/L, NZVI/AC: 500 mg/L, Fe loading: 1%, EC: 5 mA/cm2, Na2SO4: 50 mM, initial pH: 3, temperature: 25℃).
Fig. 7. Degradation of phenol in the presence of different radical scavengers ([radical scavenger]/[phenol]=100/1, persulfate: 2000 mg/L, NZVI/AC: 500 mg/L, Fe loading: 1%, EC: 5 mA/cm2, Na2SO4: 50 mM, initial pH: 3, temperature: 25℃).
Table 1. BET surface area, pore volume and pore size of the particle electrode (NZVI/AC)
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