디지털융복합연구 (Journal of Digital Convergence)

한국디지털정책학회 (The Society of Digital Policy and Management)
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소득계층별 공적이전소득의 불평등 변화분석

Analysis of Inequality of Public Transfer Income by Income Level

  • 이용재 (호서대학교 사회복지학과) ;
  • 김용미 (충청대학교 사회복지과)
  • Lee, Yong-jae (Dept. of Social Welfare, Hoseo University) ;
  • Kim, Yong-mi (Dept. of Social Welfare, Chung Cheong University)
  • 투고 : 2018.10.29
  • 심사 : 2018.12.20
  • 발행 : 2018.12.28
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초록

본 연구는 공적이전소득의 소득계층별 차이와 불평등 변화를 확인하기 위하여 수행된 연구로 1996년부터 2016년까지 가계동향조사 자료를 활용하여 소득계층별 공적이전소득 평균금액의 변화를 관찰하고 집중지수를 산출하였다. 주요연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공적이전소득의 소득계층별 집중지수 산출결과, 1996년 공적이전소득 집중지수는 +0.2774로 고소득층에 집중되어 있었지만, 2009년 이후 집중지수가 음(-)의 값이 되면서 저소득층에 집중되는 현상이 2016년까지 지속되었다. 그러나 집중지수 절대 값이 적어서 소득재분배 효과가 크지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 전체 평균 공적이전소득 대비 해당소득분위의 평균 공적이전소득의 비율변화를 확인한 결과, 저소득층의 평균 공적이전소득 증가가 매우 큰 반면에 고소득층은 적어서 전체 평균으로 수렴되어가는 현상이 발생하고 있었다. 저소득층에 제공되는 공적이전소득액이 적어서 소득불평등의 개선에 공적이전제도가 제 역할을 수행하지 못하던 것이 점차 개선되고 있는 것이다. 셋째, 공적이전소득의 소득계층별 평균액 변화를 확인한 결과 모든 소득계층에서 공적이전소득은 지속적으로 증가해왔으며, 그 증가속도가 저소득층이 빠르고 고소득층이 느려서 최근에는 저소득층의 공적이전소득이 고소득층에 비해서 많았다. 따라서 우리나라 소득계층별 공적이전 소득의 불평등은 점차 개선되고 있지만, 소득계층간 불평등을 개선할 수 있는 수준은 아닌 것으로 평가된다.

This study was carried out by using the concentration index calculation method from 1996 to 2016 by using the household trend survey data to confirm the difference of income transfer income and inequality in public transfer income. The main results are as follows. First, the public transfer income concentration index in 1996 was concentrated on the high income group with +0.2774, but since 2009, the concentration index has been negative (-), which has concentrated on the low income group. However, the effect of redistribution of income was small. Second, the average public transfer income of low - income households increased significantly while the number of high income earners decreased. It is gradually improving that public transfer income did not play a role in the improvement of income inequality. Third, public transfer income has been continuously increasing in all income classes, and the rate of increase is low in the low income class and slow in the high income class, so the public transfer income of the low income class is higher than that of the high income class. In sum, the inequality of public transfer income by income class in Korea is gradually improving, but it is not considered to be a level that can improve the inequality between income groups.

키워드

DJTJBT_2018_v16n12_77_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Concentration curve and Concentration index[19]

DJTJBT_2018_v16n12_77_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Changes in the Public Transfer Income Concentration Index by Income Class(’96–’16)

DJTJBT_2018_v16n12_77_f0004.png 이미지

Fig. 3. Changes in Public Transfer Income Average by Income Class(’96–’16)(Unit : won)

DJTJBT_2018_v16n12_77_f0005.png 이미지

Fig. 4. Change in the ratio of income to the pre-5th quartile relative to the overall average public transfer income(’96–’16)

DJTJBT_2018_v16n12_77_f0006.png 이미지

Fig. 5. Change in the ratio of income to the 6-10th quartile relative to the overall average public transfer income(’96–’16)

Table 1. Mean and Inequality of Public Transfer Income by Income Class(1996–2016)

DJTJBT_2018_v16n12_77_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Mean and Inequality of Public Transfer Income by Income Class(continued)

DJTJBT_2018_v16n12_77_t0002.png 이미지

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