Journal of Power Electronics

The Korean Institute of Power Electronics (전력전자학회)
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A Wide Voltage-Gain Range Asymmetric H-Bridge Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with a Common Ground for Energy Storage Systems

  • Zhang, Yun (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University) ;
  • Gao, Yongping (School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University) ;
  • Li, Jing (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China) ;
  • Sumner, Mark (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham)
  • Received : 2017.05.29
  • Accepted : 2017.10.15
  • Published : 2018.03.20
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Abstract

A wide-voltage-conversion range bidirectional DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper. The topology is comprised of one typical LC energy storage component and a special common grounded asymmetric H-bridge with four active power switches/anti-parallel diodes. The narrow output PWM voltage is generated from the voltage difference between two normal (wider) output PWM voltages from the asymmetric H-bridge with duty cycles close to 0.5. The equivalent switching frequency of the output PWM voltage is double the actual switching frequency, and a wide step-down/step-up ratio range is achieved. A 300W prototype has been constructed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed bidirectional converter between the variable low voltage side (24V~48V) and the constant high voltage side (200V). The slave active power switches allow ZVS turn-on and turn-off without requiring any extra hardware. The maximum conversion efficiency is 94.7% in the step-down mode and 93.5% in the step-up mode. Therefore, the proposed bidirectional topology with a common ground is suitable for energy storage systems such as renewable power generation systems and electric vehicles with a hybrid energy source.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. The evolution process of the proposed topology. (a)Bidirectional H-bridge DC-DC converter without a commonground [29]. (b) Evolution process of the proposed topology. (c)Proposed bidirectional DC-DC converter with a commongrounded asymmetric H-bridge.

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Fig. 2. PWM modulation strategy in the step-down mode (S2S4=00).

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Fig. 3. PWM modulation strategy in step-up mode (S1S3=00).

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Fig. 4. Comparison of voltage-conversion ranges for the proposedconverter and the Buck/Boost converter. (a) In the step-downmode. (b) In the step-up mode.

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Fig. 5. Synchronous rectification operation principle of theproposed bidirectional converter. (a) Current-flow path in thestep-down mode. (b) Current-flow path in the step-up mode.

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Fig. 6. Control strategy of bidirectional power flows.

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Fig. 7. Experimental prototype of the asymmetric H-bridgebidirectional DC-DC converter.

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Fig. 8. Voltage stress and gate signals of the slave active powerswitches in SR operation. (a) Gate signal and voltage stress of Q2in the step-down mode. (b) Gate signal and voltage stress of Q3in the step-up mode.

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Fig. 9. Voltages on the high voltage side (constant 200V) and thecontinuous variable low voltage side (between 24V and 48V). (a)In the step-down mode. (b) In the step-up mode.

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Fig. 10. Output PWM voltages, inductor current iL and thecorresponding gate signal-voltage stress in the step-down mode.(a) Uag and Uab. (b) Ubg and the inductor current iL. (c) S1 andUQ1.

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Fig. 11. Output PWM voltages, inductor current iL and thecorresponding gate signal-voltage stress in the step-up mode. (a)Uag and Uab. (b) Ubg and the inductor current iL. (c) S4 and UQ4.

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Fig. 12. Experimental results of bidirectional operation betweenthe step-down and the step-up modes. (a) Processes of step-up tostep-down and step-down to step-up. (b) Transient process of thestep-down to step-up mode (IL=－4A to 4A). (c) Transientprocess of the step-up to step-down mode (IL=4A to -4A).

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Fig. 13. Conversion efficiency of the proposed bidirectionalconverter at different voltages of low voltage side and loadpowers (Ul=24~48V, Uh=200V).

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Fig. 14. Calculated power loss distributions for the experimentwhen Ul=48V, Uh=200V, P=300W. (a) In the step-down mode.(b) In the step-up mode.

TABLE I COMPONENT STATES WHEN THE POWER FLOW IS FROM UH TO UL (STEP-DOWN)

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TABLE II COMPONENT STATES WHEN THE POWER FLOW IS FROM UL TO UH (STEP-UP)

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TABLE III COMPARISONS OF THE PROPOSED AND OTHER BIDIRECTIONAL SOLUTIONS

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TABLE IV EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS

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