Atmosphere (대기)

Korean Meteorological Society (한국기상학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Conversion of the Unit of Wootaek Rainfall Data With the Chugugi Data in 「Gaksa-deungnok」 During the Joseon Dynasty

조선시대 각사등록으로부터 복원한 측우기 자료에 의한 우택 강우량 관측자료 단위 환산

  • Received : 2017.01.17
  • Accepted : 2017.03.17
  • Published : 2017.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The rainfall amount data measured by 'Wootaek', a method of measuring how far the moisture had absorbed into the soil when it rains during the Joseon Dynasty, were estimated with the Chugugi data in the 12 sites where both the 'Wootaek' and 'Chugugi' data are available. Excluding the 5 sites (Ganghwa, Jinju, Jeonju, Chuncheon, Hamheung) poor in sample data, the 'Wootaek' data 1 'Ri' and 1 'Seo' in 'Chugugi' unit (Bun) in the 7 sites; Suwon, Gwangju (Gyeonggi-do), Gongju, Daegu, Wonju, Haeju and Pyeongyang, were 11.1/5.6 Bun, 9.4/3.2 Bun, 14.0/5.7 Bun, 9.3/3.9 Bun, 13.6/4.3 Bun, 11.3/4.8 Bun and 16.8/7.4 Bun, respectively. The Chugugi unit 1 'Bun' is equall to approximately 2 'mm'. The average of the 7 sites is 13.1/5.7 Bun, however it becomes small to 11.7/4.5 Bun when the Pyeongyang of which data is considerably distributed over wide range is excluded, showing that the 'Wootaek' data 1 'Ri' is approximately the 2.3~2.6 times of 1 'Seo'. It is recommended to use the individual estimates of the sites in utilizing the 'Wootaek' rainfall data of 352 stations across the country restored from the "Gaksa-deungnok".

Keywords

References

  1. Boo, K.-O., W.-T. Kwon, S.-W. Kim, and H.-J. Lee, 2006: Restoration of 18 years rainfall measured by Chugugi in Gongju, Korea during the 19th century. Atmosphere, 16, 343-350 (in Korean with English abstract).
  2. Cho, H.-K., and I.-S. Nha, 1979: Climatic variations in Korea in the eighteenth century - rainfall. J. Korean Studies, 22, 83-103 (in Korean).
  3. Cho, H.-M., S.-W. Kim, J. Park, J.-A. Kim, and Y.-S. Chun, 2013: Restoration and analysis of Chugugi rainfall data by Gaksadeungnok for Gyeonggi province during the latter part of the Joseon dynasty (1830-1893), Korea. Atmosphere, 23, 389-400, doi: 10.14191/Atmos.2013.23.4.389 (in Korean with English abstract).
  4. Cho, H.-M., S.-W. Kim, J. Park, and Y.-S. Chun, 2014: Restoration and analysis of Chugugi rainfall data in Gaksadeungnok for the Gyeongsang-do during the Joseon dynasty. Atmosphere, 24, 481-489, doi:10.14191/Atmos.2014.24.4.481 (in Korean with Ehglish abstract).
  5. Cho, H.-M., S.-W. Kim, Y.-S. Chun, H.-Y. Park, and W.-J. Kang, 2015: A historical review on the introduction of Chugugi and the rainfall observation network during the Joseon dynasty. Atmosphere, 25, 719-734, doi:10.14191/Atmos.2015.25.4.719 (in Korean with English abstract).
  6. Chun, Y.-S., and S.-W. Jeon, 2005: Chugugi, Supyo and Punggi, Meteorological instruments of the 15th centry in Korea. Hist. Meteorol., 2, 25-36.
  7. Han, S.-B., 2010: Rainfall records since 1441 (Sejong) measured by Chugugi, Chugugi and Chugudae. Commemoration seminar collections for the 613th anniversary of the birth of Kong Sejong the Great, 187-196.
  8. Jhun, J.-G., and B.-K. Moon, 1997: Restorations and analyses of rainfall amount observed by Chukwookee. J. Korean Meteor. Soc., 33, 691-707.
  9. Jhun, S.-W., 1963: On the technical description of rainfall measurement of Joseon dynasty. Japanese Studien Hist. Sci., 66, 49-57.
  10. Jung, H.-S., and G.-H. Lim, 1994: On the monthly precipitation amounts an number of precipitation days in Seoul, 1770-1907. J. Korean Meteor. Soc., 30, 487-505.
  11. Kim, C.-J., W. Qian, H.-S. Kang, and D.-K. Lee, 2010: Interdecadal variability of East Asian summer monsoon precipitation over 220 years (1777-1997). Adv. Atmos. Sci., 27, 253-264, doi:10.1007/s00376-009-8079-6.
  12. Kim, S.-S., 1988: Comments on the Chinese claim for the invention of Chukwookee. J. Korean Met. Soc., 24, 1-13 (in Korean with English abstract).
  13. Kim, S.-W., J.-S. Park, J.-A. Kim, and Y. Hong, 2012: Restoration of 19th-century Chugugi rainfall data for Wonju, Hamheung and Haeju, Korea. Atmosphere, 22, 129-135, doi:10.14191/Atmos.2012.22.1.129 (in Korean with English abstract).
  14. Korean Academy of Meteorology and Climate, 2010: A comprehensive planning study for the restoration of meteorology and climate in the Joseon dynasty based on historical records, 551 pp.
  15. Korean Academy of Meteorology and Climate, 2011: Restoration of Chugugi rainfall data, Gangwon-do, Hwanghae-do, Hamgyeong-do, 654 pp.
  16. Korean Academy of Meteorology and Climate, 2012: Restoration of Gaksadeungnok rainfall data, Pyeongando, 797 pp.
  17. Korean Academy of Meteorology and Climate, 2013: Restoration of Chugugi rainfall data by Gaksadeungnok, Gyeongsang-do, 334 pp.
  18. Korean Academy of Meteorology and Climate, 2014: Restoration of Chugugi rainfall data by Gaksadeungnok, Jeolla-do, 293 pp.
  19. Korea Meteorological Administration, 2013: Meteorological, Astronomical, and Seismological Observations from Ancient Korea. Korean Meteorological Archives Series No. 4, 137 pp.
  20. Korean Meteorological Society, 2015: Restoration of Chugugi rainfall data by Gaksadeungnok, Jeolla-do, 552 pp.
  21. Lee, H.-S., 2012: A Challange of Joseon to Climate - The Chugugi. Sowadang, 310 pp.
  22. Wada, Y.-J., 1917: The report on the investigation into the record of the Joseon ancient meteorological observations. Meteorological observatory, the Japanese Government General of Korea, 200 pp.
  23. Wang, B., Q. Ding, and J.-G. Jhun, 2006: Trends in Seoul (1778-2004) summer precipitation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15803, doi:10.1029/2006GL026418.
  24. Wang, B., J.-G. Jhun, and B.-K. Moon, 2007: Variability and singularity of Seoul, South Korea, rainy season (1778-2004). J. Climate, 20, 2572-2580, doi:10.1175/JCLI4123.1.