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Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Sulgidduck with Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Calyx Powder

로젤(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) 꽃받침 분말을 첨가한 설기떡의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성

  • 신소연 (고려대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 송가영 (고려대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 오현빈 (고려대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 정기영 (고려대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김영순 (고려대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2017.01.13
  • Accepted : 2017.03.03
  • Published : 2017.04.30

Abstract

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a shrub which grows well in a tropical climate. There are large amounts of anthocyanins, organic acids and other compounds in roselle. Mostly, roselle is cultivated to use its red calyx. Its calyx is used as a natural food colorant and commonly consumed as a tea. This quality study was conducted to investigate the characteristics and antioxidant activities of Sulgidduck with roselle calyx powder. Four samples and a control were made with different ratios of added roselle calyx powder (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%). The moisture content of the 0.5%-sample was the highest as 40.60%, and that of the 2%-sample was the lowest as 37.37%. The pH of samples significantly decreased from 6.26 to 3.65 as the amount of roselle calyx powder increased (p<0.05). The L-value of samples also significantly decreased (p<0.05). In contrast, a-value and ${\Delta}E$ of samples significantly increased with elevated amounts of roselle calyx powder (p<0.05). The b-value of roselle calyx added Sulgidduck samples significantly increased compared to the control (p<0.05). Hardness and chewiness of Sulgidduck samples with added roselle calyx also significantly increased compared to the control (p<0.05). Cohesiveness of Sulgidduck samples with roselle calyx significantly decreased compared to control (p<0.05), with the exception of the 1% sample. There were no significant differences in springiness among samples. Total phenolic contents significantly increased when roselle calyx powder was added above a level of 1.5% (p<0.05). The flavonoid content of the control was the lowest as 0.73. ABTS radical scavenging activity significantly increased with increasing amounts roselle calyx powder (p<0.05). The 2%-sample got the lowest sensory preference scores in sweetness and overall acceptability. In contrast, the control and 1%-sample got the highest sensory preference scores. Based on these study findings, addition of 1% roselle calyx powder optimized the preparation of Sulgidduck and roselle calyx is therefore a useful natural colorant and antioxidant.

본 연구에서는, 고유의 색과 항산화 활성이 있는 로젤 꽃받침을 활용하고자 로젤 꽃받침 분말을 대조군, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% 및 2% 첨가한 설기떡을 제조하여 수분, pH, 색도 및 외관, 조직감, 항산화능 및 소비자 기호도를 분석하였다. 설기떡의 수분 측정 결과 0.5% 시료의 수분함량이 40.60%로 가장 높았으며, 2% 시료의 수분함량은 37.37%로 가장 낮았다. pH는 로젤 꽃받침에 함유된 다량의 유기산의 영향으로 로젤 꽃받침 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 경도와 씹힘성의 경우, 대조군과 비교하여 로젤 꽃받침 분말 첨가시 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 1% 시료를 제외한 로젤 꽃받침 분말 첨가 시료들의 응집성은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 탄력성의 경우, 시료들 간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 로젤 꽃받침 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 설기떡의 수분함량과 pH가 감소하여, 경도와 씹힘성의 증가에 영향을 준 것으로 여겨진다. 명도는 로젤 꽃받침 분말의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 적색도와 색차값은 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 로젤 꽃받침 분말 첨가 시료들의 황색도는 대조군과 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 로젤 꽃받침의 안토시아닌은 설기떡 제조과정에서 파괴되지 않고 고유의 색을 나타낼 수 있으므로, 로젤 꽃받침 분말은 설기떡 제조 시 천연 착색제로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 로젤 꽃받침 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 로젤 꽃받침 분말을 첨가하지 않은 설기떡과 비교하여 로젤 꽃받침 분말을 첨가한 설기떡에서 높았다(p<0.05). ABTS $IC_{50}$은 로젤 꽃받침 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 이를 통해 로젤 꽃받침 분말 첨가 시 항산화 활성이 있는 설기떡을 제조할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 더 나아가 로젤 꽃받침을 다른 음식에 적용하였을 때에도 천연 항산화제로서 유용성이 있을 것으로 판단된다. 소비자 기호도 조사 분석 결과, 대조군과 1% 첨가군 두 가지가 종합적으로 가장 높은 점수를 받았으며, 항상화능은 로젤 꽃받침 분말함량이 가장 큰 2% 첨가군이 가장 높았으나, 신맛이 강하여 설기떡 제조에 적합하지 않을 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보았을 때, 로젤 꽃받침 분말을 1% 첨가하는 것이 설기떡 제조에서 적절할 것으로 판단되며, 천연 착색제, 천연 항산화제로서 로젤 꽃받침을 식품산업에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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