Korean Journal of Plant Resources (한국자원식물학회지)

The Plant Resources Society of Korea (한국자원식물학회)
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A Theoretical Review on the Planting and Management of Coastal Forests in Korea

우리나라 해안림조성과 관리의 이론적 고찰

  • Kim, Yong-Shik (Department of Forest Resources and Landscape Architecture, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Kim, Do-Gyun (Department of Forest Resources and Landscape Architecture, Sunchon National University)
  • 김용식 (영남대학교 산림자원및조경학부) ;
  • 김도균 (국립순천대학교 산림자원.조경학부)
  • Received : 2017.02.05
  • Accepted : 2017.02.23
  • Published : 2017.02.28
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Abstract

The authors reviewed the history of creation and management, purposes, extents, methods of creation, planting species and mediums, structure of vegetation layers and legal management, etc. of coastal forests of Korea. Since the Goryeo dynasty, the inhabitants in the coastal regions has long been aware the safety from natural disasters and the local governments manages for the defence and natural disasters, and collaboration among GO and NGOs, as well as enterprises are participating to the conservation of coastal forests in Korea. The purposes of creation and management of coastal forests in historical aspects are prevention of disasters, safety by the Fengsui, military uses, and timber productions, but partly as the places for religious beliefs, safety from diseases and fires, increasing of forest products and fishes, as well as tourists, improving of amenity and landscapes and recreation, inherits of traditional culture, habitats for wildlife, and ecological corridors, etc. The inhabitant in the coastal region who experienced frequent natural disasters has strong supports for the conservation of coastal forest and as a natural resources to inherits to the coming generations as the coastal forests has high values of academic researches on human society, culture, ecology and recreational uses, etc. The extensive overall researches on the creation and managements of coastal forests, as well as cultural tradition in the coastal forests of Korean peninsula are critically essential.

본 연구는 한반도 해안림의 가치와 중요성을 인식하기 위하여 우리나라 해안림의 조성과 관리에 대한 역사, 목적, 주체, 대상지, 규모, 조성방법, 식재수종, 식재지반, 층위구조, 관리제도 등에 대하여 이론적 고찰을 하였다. 해안가의 주민들은 삶의 터인 정주지에 당면한 바닷가의 잦은 자연재해로부터 안전과 풍수지리학적 경관의 비보를 위하여 해안림을 조성하였고, 관청은 자연재해나 군사목적으로 조성하고 관리하였다. 한반도의 해안림은 기록상으로 고려시대와 이조시대에는 민간과 관청이 주도적으로 조성하고 관리하였으나 1970년대 후부터는 민간, 관청, NGO단체, 종교단체, 기업 등이 참여하고 있다. 해안림의 조성과 관리는 기본적으로 해안가의 재난방지, 풍수적 비보, 군사적 이용, 목재생산을 위하여 조성되었지만, 부대적으로 신앙의 장소, 질병감소, 화재의 감소, 임산물 생산성의 증가, 어류의 증가, 풍치 경관 쾌적성의 향상, 관광객과 이주자의 증가, 문화예술의 동기부여, 휴식, 심신단련의 장, 공동체 결속, 전통문화의 계승, 교육, 생물의 서식처, 생물이동통로, 생물다양성 등의 효과가 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 해안가로부터 재난의 경험이 많은 사람들은 해안림 보전에 대한 인식이 강하고, 해안림을 자자손손 대대로 물려주어야 할 유산으로 생각하고 있다. 해안림은 학술적 측면에서 인문, 사회, 문화, 생물, 생태, 풍치적 이용 등에 대한 학술적 가치가 매우 높다. 한반도 해안림은 한번 훼손되면 다시 회복되기 어려운 환경압이 높으므로 자자손손 후대에 온전하게 물려주어야 할 사명으로 관리하고 보전해야 함을 시사하고 있다. 본 연구는 한반도 해안림에 대한 이론적 고찰에 국한된 것으로 실상을 면밀하게 파악하는데 한계가 있다. 따라서 향후 우리나라 해안림에 대한 조성과 관리 그리고 민속과 문화 등에 대하여 보다 구체적인 현장조사를 통한 연구가 필요하다.

Keywords

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