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Changes in Vegetation Characteristics Over Time in the Isolated Forests of the Urban Areas: A Case Study on the Mt. Hwangyeong, Busan Metropolitan City

도시 내 고립된 임지의 경시적 식생특성 변화: 부산광역시 황령산을 사례로

  • Cho, Jae Hyong (Forest Restoration Division, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Park, Chan Ryul (Forest Ecology Division, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Oh, Jeong Hak (Forest Ecology Division, National Institute of Forest Science) ;
  • Kim, Jun Soo (Nature and Forest Research Institute) ;
  • Cho, Hyun Je (Department of Forest Business, Graduate School, Dongyang University)
  • 조재형 (국립산림과학원 산림복원연구과) ;
  • 박찬열 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과) ;
  • 오정학 (국립산림과학원 연구기획과) ;
  • 김준수 (자연과숲연구소) ;
  • 조현제 (동양대학교 대학원 산림비지니스전공)
  • Received : 2016.04.26
  • Accepted : 2016.07.05
  • Published : 2016.09.30

Abstract

In order to assess th changes in vegetation characteristics over time in the forest-lands which is isolated by urbanization, vegetation surveys based on the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method was carried out in 1996 and 2015 on Mt. Hwangyeong located in the center of Busan metropolitan city, South Korea. The number of vegetation types based on floristic composition showed no significant changes, the vegetation units under the community levels was more or less represents the difference. the average total vegetation cover and average number of species per unit area ($100m^2$) was increased 16% and 2 species, respectively. The relative importance value (RIV) for each tree species, Quercus spp. like as Q. mongolica and Q. serrata was decreased, while the warmth-tolerant trees, evergreen broad-leaved trees, and mesophyte like Lindera erythrocarpa, Styrax japonica, Osmanthus heterophyllus, and Stephanandra incisa was increased significantly. Changes of the life form spectrums of vascular plants did not substantially, hemicryptophyte(H) and therophyte (Th) was decreased, while nanophanerophyte(N) was increased significantly. Also through the creating of large-scale vegetation map (based on physiognomic vegetation types) was compared the spatial distribution characteristics of each vegetation types.

도시화에 의해 고립된 임지의 식생특성 변화를 파악하기 위하여, 부산광역시 황령산을 대상으로 1996년과 2015년에 식물사회학적 방법으로 식생조사를 실시하였다. 식생유형(종조성기준)은 군락군수준에서는 거의 변화가 없었으나 군락수준이하에서는 다소 변화가 나타났다. 단위면적당($/100m^2$) 총피도와 평균종수는 각각 1996년 175%, 17종에서 2015년 191%, 19종으로 다소 증가하였다. 구성종의 상대중요치는 아교목층 이하에서 한반도 잠재자연식생인 신갈나무, 졸참나무 등 참나무류는 감소한 반면, 난대 및 상록성 식물인 비목나무, 때죽나무, 구골나무 등과 생태적 적응 범위가 넓은 국수나무가 크게 증가하였다. 생활형 조성은 전체적으로 1996년과 2015년 모두 $MM-R_5-D_4-e$로 변화가 없었으나, 휴면형의 경우 반지중식물(H)과 일년생 식물(Th)이 감소한 반면 관목성인 미소지상식물(N)은 상대적으로 높은 증가율을 나타내었고, 종자 산포형의 경우 풍수산포형($D_1$)은 다소 감소한 반면, 동물산포형($D_2$)은 70%이상의 증가율을 나타내었다. 상관식생 유형의 공간적 분포 특성의 변화를 대축척(1/5,000) 정밀상관식생도를 작성하여 비교하였다.

Keywords

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