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A Basic Study on the Euryale ferox Salisbury for Introduction in Garden Pond - Focusing on the Flora and Vegetation -

정원내 가시연꽃(Euryale ferox Salisbury) 도입을 위한 기초연구 - 식물상과 식생을 중심으로 -

  • Lee, Suk-Woo (Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Herbs, Kijeon University) ;
  • Rho, Jae-Hyun (Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, Woosuk University) ;
  • Oh, Hyun-Kyung (Dongyeong Forest, Keimyung University)
  • 이석우 (기전대학교 허브조경과) ;
  • 노재현 (우석대학교 조경도시디자인학과) ;
  • 오현경 (계명대학교 동영학술림)
  • Received : 2016.02.22
  • Accepted : 2016.03.11
  • Published : 2016.03.31

Abstract

Through the research and analysis on the vegetation environment, flora of habitats through documentary and field studies over 14 habitats of Euryale ferox Salisbury within Jeollabukdo, with the objective of acquiring the basic data for forming an environment based on plantation of reservoirs that are composed with Euryale ferox, the following results were obtained. 1. The entire flora of the 14 habitats appeared to be 79 families, 211 genus, 298 species, two subspecies, 30 varieties and six forma, thus, a total of 336 taxa was confirmed. Among these, emergent water plants appeared to compose 17 taxa, floating-leaved plants to compose seven taxa including Euryale ferox floating plants to compose five taxa and submerged water plants to compose two taxa. As a result of analyzing the similarity only over the water plants. The lowest similarity rate appeared between Gamdong Reservoir and Aedang Reservoir, as the similarity rate between the two regions appeared to be 0% as a result of the analysis. Floating-leaved plants, lotuses and caltrops, appeared to be equally inhabiting in Hanseongji at Jeongeup and Seoknam Reservoir at Gochang, which showed the highest similarity rate, in addition to Euryale ferox. 2. When examining the appearance frequency of aquatic plants per growth type, Actinostemma lobatum and Phragmites communis, in addition to Euryale ferox each appeared 11 times, showing a high frequency of 78.6% and Trapa japonica, which is a floating-leaved water plant, appeared ten times(71.4%) and Zizania latifolia appeared eight times(57.1%). In addition, the appearance rate appeared to be high in the order of Persicaria thunbergii, Leersia sayanuka, Ceratophyllum demersum, Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola, Scirpus maritimus, and Nelumbo nucifera. 3. The rare plants discovered in the Euryale ferox habitats pursuant to the IUCN evaluation standards was confirmed to be composed of five taxa, with three taxa including the least concerned species(LC), Melothria japonica at Yanggok Reservoir, Hydrocharis dubia at Myeongdeokji and Ottelia alismoides at Daewi Reservoir, in addition to vulnerable species(VU), Utricularia vulgaris at Sangpyeong Reservoir, along with Euryale ferox. 4. Most of the group or community types of the natural habitats of Euryale ferox appeared to be the Euryale ferix community' and the Daewi Reservoir of Gunsan was defined as caltrop + Euryale ferox + Nymphoides indica community. The green coverage ratio of Euryale ferox per natural habitats showed a considerably huge deviation from 0.03 to 36.50 and as the average green coverage ratio was appropriated as 9.8, it can be considered that maintaining the green coverage ratio of Euryale ferox in a 10% level would be advisable when forming a reservoir with Euryale ferox as the key composition species. 5. The vegetation community nearby the natural habitats of Euryale ferox per research subject area appeared to be composed of three Leersia japonica communities, two communities each for Zizania latifolia community and Trapa japonica community and one community each for Nelumbo nucifera community, Nymphoides peltata + Typha orientalis community, Trapa japonica + Nelumbo nucifera community, Hydrocharis dubia community, Leersia japnica + Paspalum distichum var. indutum community and Euryale ferox + Trapa japonica community, showing a slight difference depending on the location conditions of each reservoir. Thus, this result may be suggested as a guideline to apply when allocating the vegetation ratio and the types of floating-leaved plants upon planting plants in reservoirs with Euryale ferox as the main companion species.

본 연구는 가시연꽃(Euryale ferox Salisbury)을 구성종으로 하는 연못의 식재기반 조성을 위한 기초자료 획득을 목적으로, 전라북도 내의 가시연꽃 자생지 14곳에 대한 문헌 및 현장조사를 통해 자생지 식물상과 식생환경에 대한 조사분석을 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 가시연꽃 생육지 14곳의 전체 식물상은 79과 211속 298종 2아종 30변종 6품종으로 총 336분류군이 확인되었으며, 정수성 수생식물은 17분류군, 부엽성은 가시연꽃을 포함하여 7분류군, 부유성은 5분류군 그리고 침수성 수생식물은 2분류군으로 분류되었다. 수생식물만을 대상으로 한 유사도분석 결과, 가장 유사도가 높은 정읍 한성지와 고창 석남저수지에서는 가시연꽃 이외에 부엽성식물로 연꽃과 마름이 동일하게 서식하고 있다. 따라서 가시연꽃을 주소재로 한 연못 조성시 연과 마름은 동반식물로서 생태적 지위를 보이는 것으로 파악된다. 2. 생육형별 수생식물의 출현빈도를 살펴보면, 가시연꽃 이외에 정수성식물인 뚜껑덩굴과 갈대가 각각 11회 출현하여 78.6%의 높은 빈도를 보였으며 부엽성 수생식물인 마름이 10회(71.4%), 줄이 8회(57.1%) 출현하였다. 이밖에 고마리, 겨풀, 마름, 개구리자리, 물피, 매자기, 연꽃, 어리연꽃의 순으로 출현율이 높았다. 3. IUCN 평가기준에 따른 조사대상 가시연꽃 생육지에서 발견된 희귀식물은 가시연꽃과 함께 취약종(VU)인 통발, 이외에 약관심종(LC)인 새박, 자라풀, 물질경이 등 3분류군으로 도합 5분류군이 확인되어 가시연꽃 활용 연못시 도입이 가능한 희귀식물로 분류되었다. 4. 가시연꽃 자생지의 군락유형은 대부분 가시연꽃군락이었으며 군산의 대위저수지는 마름+가시연꽃+어리연꽃군락으로 정의하였다. 자생지별 가시연꽃의 녹피율은 0.03에서 36.50으로 상당히 큰 편차를 보였으며 평균 녹피율은 9.8로 계상됨에 따라 연못 조성시 가시연꽃의 녹피율을 10% 이하의 수준으로 유지하는 것이 합리적으로 판단된다. 5. 조사대상지별 가시연꽃 자생지와 인접한 식생군락으로는 나도겨풀군락 3개소, 마름군락과 줄군락이 각각 2개소, 연꽃군락, 어리연꽃+부들군락, 마름+연꽃군락, 자라풀군락, 나도겨풀+털물참새피군락 1개소 그리고 가시연꽃+마름군락 1개소 등으로 각 저수지마다 입지조건 등에 따라 다소의 차이를 보였다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 가시연꽃을 주요 구성종으로 하는 연못의 식재설계시 동반 부엽식물의 선정 및 식피율 배분에 반영해야 할 지침으로 제안한다.

Keywords

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  1. A Basic Study on the Euryale ferox Salisbury for Introduction in Garden Pond(II) - Focusing with Soil and Water Conditions - vol.34, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14700/KITLA.2016.34.3.028