Education of Primary School Mathematics (한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육)

Korean Society of Mathematical Education (한국수학교육학회)
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An Analysis on the Problem Solving of Korean and American 3rd Grade Students in the Addition and Subtraction with Natural Numbers

한국과 미국 초등학교 3학년 학생들의 자연수 덧셈과 뺄셈 문제해결 분석

  • Lee, Dae Hyun (Department of Mathematics Education, Gwangju National University of Education)
  • Received : 2016.07.07
  • Accepted : 2016.07.26
  • Published : 2016.07.31
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Abstract

Students can calculate the addition and subtraction problem using informal knowledge before receiving the formal instruction. Recently, the value that a computation lesson focus on the understanding and developing the various strategies is highlighted by curriculum developers as well as in reports. Ideally, a educational setting and classroom culture reflected students' learning and problem solving strategies. So, this paper analyzed the similarity and difference with respect to the numeric sentence and word problem in the addition and subtraction. The subjects for the study were 100 third-grade Korean students and 68 third-grade American students. Researcher developed the questionnaire in the addition and subtraction and used it for the survey. The following results have been drawn from this study. The computational ability of Korean students was higher than that of American students in both the numeric sentence and word problem. And it was revealed the differences of the strategies which were used problem solving process. Korean students tended to use algorithms and numbers' characters and relations, but American students tended to use the drawings and algorithms with drawings.

자연수의 덧셈과 뺄셈은 학교수학을 해 나가는데 기본기능이며, 학생들은 다양하고 효율적인 전략을 활용하여 덧셈과 뺄셈 문제를 해결할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 교육 환경과 문화가 다른 한국과 미국 초등학교 3학년 학생들이 자연수 덧셈과 뺄셈 문제해결에서 어떤 차이를 나타내는가를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 덧셈과 뺄셈 수식문제와 문장제 모두에서 한국 학생들의 정답률이 높았으며, 통계적으로도 유의미한 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 학생들이 문제해결에 이용한 방법 면에서도 차이가 나타났다. 합병과 구잔 상황의 문장제 해결 방법의 수에서도 한국학생들이 통계적으로 유의미 결과를 나타냈는데, 이것은 두 나라 학생들이 계산 학습에서 익히고 활용하는 방법의 차이와 각 나라의 계산 수업에서 강조점 및 교실 수업 문화를 반영한다고 볼 수 있다.

Keywords

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