대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
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헤테로토피아로서의 이주 공간: 텔아비브 필리핀 노인돌봄노동자들의 '주말아파트'를 중심으로

Constructing a Heterotopia of Migrant Space: 'Weekend Flat' of Filipino Migrant Care-givers in Tel Aviv, Israel

  • 임안나 (서울대학교 비교문화연구소)
  • Lim, Anna (Institute of Cross-cultural Studies, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2016.12.28
  • 발행 : 2016.12.31
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초록

본 논문은 초국적 이주노동자들이 거주국 내에서 수행하는 다층적인 사회적 관계와 공간적 실천을 살펴봄으로써 '차이의 공간'이 생산되는 과정을 고찰하고, 이러한 이질적인 공간을 단순히 외부 세계로부터 분리되고 타자화된 공간이 아니라 이주자들의 일상적 경험이 외부 세계와 상호작용하는 과정에서 새로운 의미와 질서가 재생산되는 헤테로토피아 공간으로 분석한다. 필자는 입주돌봄노동자로서 이스라엘에 체류하는 필리핀 이주자들의 일상 리듬이 주중-작업장, 주말-아파트로 패턴화된다는 사실에 주목하고, 이들이 주말마다 점유하는 텔아비브 네베셰아난의 '아파트'에 분석의 초점을 둔다. 이러한 주말아파트는 비록 주말에만 일시적으로 존재하는 공간이지만 필리핀 이주민사회를 구성하는 최소한의 사회적 단위인 동시에 경제, 사회, 종교적 활동의 핵심 장소로서 기능하며, '위험하고 적대적인 외부 세계'로부터 분리된 '안식처(shelter)'로 기능함으로써 거주국에서 배제되고 주변화된 이주노동자들이 "그들만의 세계"를 구축하는 것을 가능케 한다. 이 논문에서 이주노동자들의 일상적 실천을 통해 유의미한 공간으로 전환되는 '주말아파트'는 이주노동자 삶의 역동성을 이해하고 지배집단의 통제 속에서도 능동적으로 공간을 전유하는 이주자들의 적극적인 행위성을 드러내는 데 유용한 통로로 분석된다. 주말아파트는 이주자들의 필요를 충족시켜주는 다양한 기능을 가진 독특한 공간으로서 다른 공간들과 경계가 뚜렷하고 철저하게 분리된 공간으로 나타나지만, 그것을 둘러싼 외부 공간과의 관계 속에서 형성되는 헤테로토피아 공간으로 해석될 수 있다.

This article aims to reveal the ways in which a "space of difference" is produced and interpret the space as a heterotopic space, drawing the case of Filipino elderly care-givers in Israel. The in-betweens and temporariness of the migrants'experiences in the Israeli society lead to the creation of a heterotopic space. Paying attention to their particular life rhythm as live-in care-givers, namely weekdays-workplace and weekend-flat, this article explores how the migrant care-givers build their own society through a variety of spatial practices and multiple social relations based on the flat. In making the flat a perfect form of a lifestyle for their own, the migrants inscribe their presence in the flat in unique ways for different purposes, in a way different to that which surrounds it. However, the structure of flat not only signifies the migrants' marginality but also reflects the challenging position. The flat has functions in relation to all other space that remains, even if such connection often creates effects of contrast and difference. In this light, the flat is not merely an alienated and circumscibed exotic migrant enclave but a heterotopic space which is dynamically constructed in relation to other sites in the wider societal order.

키워드

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