DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Influence of Chemical Composition of Pyrophosphate Copper Baths on Properties of Electrodeposited Cu Films

전기도금 된 Cu 필름 특성에 미치는 피로인산구리용액의 화학성분의 영향

  • Received : 2014.04.30
  • Accepted : 2015.01.30
  • Published : 2015.02.28

Abstract

Effects of chemical composition ($Cu^{2+}$, $K_4P_2O_7$ and additive concentrations) of baths on properties of Cu thin films electrodeposited from pyrophosphate copper bath were investigated. Current efficiency was increased to be near 100% with increasing $Cu^{2+}$ concentrations from 0.02 to 0.3M. Decrease of current efficiency was observed in the range of 1.5~1.8M $K_4P_2O_7$ concentration, but current efficiency of about 100% was measured in the ranges of both 0.9~1.3M and 2.1~2.4M. The change of additive concentration did not influenced current efficiency. Residual stress of electrodeposited Cu thin films was measured to be about 20 MPa below 0.15 M $Cu^{2+}$ concentration and increased with the increase of it to 0.25 M. Maximum residual stress of 120MPa was observed at 0.25M $Cu^{2+}$ concentration. On the other hand, residual stress decreased from 80 to near 0 MPa as $K_4P_2O_7$ concentration varied from 0.9 to 2.4M and but The change of additive concentration did not affected on residual stress. $Cu^{2+}$ and $K_4P_2O_7$ concentrations significantly affect on surface morphology of electrodeposited Cu thin films, but additive concentration slightly affected. From XRD analysis, the microstructures of electrodeposited Cu thin film was affected from the changes of $Cu^{2+}$ and $K_4P_2O_7$ concentrations, but not from that of additive concentration. Strong preferred orientation of (111) peak was observed with increasing $Cu^{2+}$ and $K_4P_2O_7$ concentrations.

전기도금공정을 이용하여 상온에서 제조된 Cu박막의 특성에 미치는 피로인산구리용액의 화학성분($Cu^{2+}$ 농도, $K_4P_2O_7$ 농도, 첨가제 농도)의 영향에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 전류효율은 도금용액의 $Cu^{2+}$ 농도가 0.3 M까지 높아짐에 따라 거의 100%까지 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. $K_4P_2O_7$ 농도는 1.5~1.8 M 농도에서 전류효율의 감소를 나타내었으나, 0.9~1.3 M과 2.1~2.4 M에서는 거의 100%의 전류효율을 나타내었다. 첨가제의 농도 변화는 전류효율에는 거의 영향을 미치지 않았다. 전기도금 된 Cu 박막의 잔류응력은 도금용액의 $Cu^{2+}$ 농도가 0.15 M 이하에서는 약 20 MPa로 측정되었으나, $Cu^{2+}$ 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하다가 0.25 M 에서 약 120 MPa의 최대치를 나타내었다. 한편 도금용액의 $K_4P_2O_7$ 농도가 0.9 M로부터 2.4M로 증가할수록 잔류 응력은 80MPa로부터 0 MPa까지 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 첨가제의 농도는 잔류응력에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 관찰되었다. 표면형상의 경우 $Cu^{2+}$ 농도와 $K_4P_2O_7$ 농도는 상당한 영향을 미쳤으나, 첨가제는 약간의 영향만을 나타내었다. XRD 분석 결과 $Cu^{2+}$ 농도와 $K_4P_2O_7$ 농도는 Cu 박막의 미세조직에 상당한 영향을 미쳤으나, 첨가제는 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. $Cu^{2+}$ 농도와 $K_4P_2O_7$ 농도가 증가할수록 (111) 피크의 강한 우선방향성이 나타내었다.

Keywords

References

  1. 전자정보센터, 국내외 FPCB 시장 동향, 월간 표면실장기술, 8월호, 25-31 (2010).
  2. 홍순관, 플렉서블 PCB, 홍능과학출판사 (2006).
  3. Dong-Yul Shin, Chulyong Sim, Bon-Keup Koo, Deok-Yong Park, J. Kor. Electrochem. Soc. 16, 19 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5229/JKES.2013.16.1.19
  4. 개정판 도금표면 처리, 문운당, 염희택, 이주성, pp.149-162, (2005).
  5. D.-Y. Park, K.S. Park, J.M. Ko, D.-H. Cho, S.H. Lim, W.Y. Kim, B.Y. Yoo, and N.V. Myung, J. Electrochem. Soc., 153, C814 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2353792
  6. J.W. Dini, Electrodeposition-The Materials Science of Coatings and Substrates, Noyes Publ. Park Ridge, NJ, 1993, ch. 9, p. 279; ch. 11, p. 331.
  7. B.-Z. Lee, D.N. Lee, Acta Mater., 46, 3701 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00045-7
  8. K.-N. Tu, J.W. Mayer, L.C. Feldman (Eds.), Electronic Thin Film Science for Electrical Engineers and Materials Scientists, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, New York, 1992, Chap. 4.
  9. Dong-Yul Shin, Doek-Yong Park, Bon-Keup Koo, J. Kor. Inst. Surf. Eng. 42, 191 (2009). https://doi.org/10.5695/JKISE.2009.42.5.191
  10. V. A. Lamb, C. E. Johnson, D. R. Valentine, J. Electrochem. Soc., 117, 291C (1970). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2407778
  11. V. A. Lamb, C. E. Johnson, D. R. Valentine, J. Electrochem. Soc., 117, 341C (1970). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2407306
  12. V. A. Lamb, C. E. Johnson, D. R. Valentine, J. Electrochem. Soc., 117, 381C (1970). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2407347
  13. M. Schlesinger, M. Paunovic, Modern Electroplating, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 63 (2000).
  14. C.W. Tobias ed., Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 2, Interscience Publishers a division of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 53 (1962).