한국임상수의학회지 (Journal of Veterinary Clinics)

  • 제31권5호
  • /
  • Pages.382-388
  • /
  • 2014
  • /
  • 1598-298X(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2384-0749(eISSN)
한국임상수의학회 (The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics)
권호 표지

젖소에서 배란동기화 프로그램 적용 후 임신율에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석 연구

Risk Factors for the Probability of Pregnancy Following Synchronization Protocols in Dairy Cows

  • 심사 : 2014.10.11
  • 발행 : 2014.10.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 젖소에서 배란동기화 프로그램 적용 후 임신율에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 분석에 포함된 자료는 젖소 목장 22개소내 사육 젖소 1,952두에 정시 인공수정을 위하여 실시한 배란동기화 프로그램(PG+EB, Ovsynch, CIDR-ovsynch), 젖소의 산차, 신체상태지수(BCS), 전 산차 분만일, 인공 수정일 및 임신 진단 결과를 포함하였으며, 통계분석은 SAS 로지스틱 회기분석을 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 목장(p = 0.005), 산차(p = 0.0001), BCS(p < 0.005) 및 인공수정 계절(p < 0.05)이 유의적으로 임신율에 영향을 미쳤으며, 공태기간은 경향성을 나타내었다(p < 0.1). 배란동기화 프로그램에 따른 임신율의 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, 산차와 배란동기화 프로그램 사이에 교호관계가 성립되었다(p < 0.005). PG+EB 프로그램을 사용 시에는 초산 차에 비해 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율의 감소(odds ratio [OR]: 0.60, p < 0.0001)가 있었으나, Ovsynch 프로그램을 사용 시에는 초산 차에 비해 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율이 증가하는 경향이 있었으며(OR: 1.44, p < 0.1), CIDR-ovsynch 프로그램을 사용 시에는 초산 차와 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율의 차이가 없었다(p > 0.05). BCS가 3.00을 이상일 때가 2.75 이하일 때 보다 1.41배 임신 가능성이 증가되었으나, 인공수정을 여름에 실시할 때가 봄에 실시할 때에 비해 임신 가능성이 0.73배로 감소되었다. 인공 수정 시 공태기간이 150일을 경과 할 때가 150일 미만일 때 보다 임신 가능성이 1.20배 증가 경향이 있었다. 결론적으로, 젖소에서 배란동기화 프로그램 적용 후, 목장, 젖소의 산차, BCS, 공태기간 및 인공수정 계절이 임신율에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이었다. 또한 배란동기화 프로그램과 산차 사이 교호관계가 성립되었으며, PG+EB 프로그램 사용 시 초산 차에 비해 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율의 감소가 있었다.

The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with pregnancy following 3 synchronization protocols in dairy cows. Data were collected on 1,952 cows from 22 dairy farms, including synchronization protocols ($PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ + estradiol benzoate [PG+EB], Ovsynch, and CIDR-ovsynch), cow parity, body condition score (BCS), and dates of previous calving, insemination and conception. The odds ratio (OR) for pregnancy were analyzed by logistic regression using the LOGISTIC procedure in SAS. The analysis revealed that farm (p = 0.005), cow parity (p = 0.0001), BCS (p < 0.005), and AI season (p < 0.05) significantly affected and calving to AI interval tended to affect (p < 0.1) the probability for pregnancy. Although synchronization protocols did not affect the probability for pregnancy (p > 0.05), cow parity and synchronization protocols showed a significant interaction (p < 0.005); the OR (0.60) was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) for multiparous cows compared to primiparous cows using PG+EB, whereas the OR (1.44) tended to be higher (p < 0.1) for multiparous cows compared to primiparous cows using the Ovsynch, and the probability for pregnancy did not differ between multiparous and primiparous cows using the CIDR-ovsynch (p > 0.05). Cows with BCS ${\geq}$ 3.00 were more likely pregnant (OR: 1.41) compared with cows having BCS ${\leq}$ 2.75, whereas cows inseminated during summer had a lower OR (0.73) compared with those inseminated during spring. Cows with a calving to AI interval > 150 days were more likely to be pregnant (OR: 1.20) compared with cows with a calving to AI interval ${\leq}$ 150 days. In conclusion, the OR for pregnancy following synchronization protocols in dairy cows was affected by farm, parity, BCS, calving to AI interval of the cow, and AI season, and there was a significant interaction between cow parity and synchronization protocols; the OR for pregnancy was lower for multiparous cows compared with primiparous cows using the PG+EB protocol.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Al-Katanani YM, Paula-Lopes FF, Hansen PJ. Effect of season and exposure to heat stress on oocyte competence in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 390-396. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74086-1
  2. Astiz S, Fargas O. Pregnancy per AI differences between primiparous and multiparous high-yield dairy cows after using double Ovsynch or G6G synchronization protocols. Theriogenology 2013; 79: 1065-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.01.026
  3. Bello NM, Steibel JP, Pursley JR. Optimizing ovulation to first GnRH improved outcomes to each hormonal injection of Ovsynch in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89: 3413-3424. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72378-5
  4. Bilby TR, Bruno RGS, Lager KJ, Chebel RC, Moraes JGN, Fricke PM, Lopes G, Lopes G, Giordano JO, Santos JEP, Lima FS, Stevenson JS, Pulley SL. Supplemental progesterone and timing of resynchronization on pregnancy outcomes in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96: 7032-7042. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-6960
  5. Butler WR. Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2000; 60-61: 449-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00076-2
  6. Cavestany D, Cibils J, Freire A, Sastre A, Stevenson JS. Evaluation of two different oestrus-synchronization methods with timed artificial insemination and resynchronization of returns to oestrus in lactating Holstein cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2003; 77: 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(03)00032-0
  7. Chebel RC, Santos JEP, Reynolds JP, Cerri RLA, Juchem SO, Overton M. Factors affecting conception rate after artificial insemination and pregnancy loss in lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 84: 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2003.12.012
  8. Chebel RC, Santos JE, Cerri RL, Rutigliano HM, Bruno RG. Reproduction in dairy cows following progesterone insert presynchronization and resynchronization protocols. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89: 4205-4219. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72466-3
  9. Dairy Cattle Improvement Center, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation. 2013 DHI Annual Report in Korea.
  10. De Rensis F, Scaramuzzi RJ. Heat stress and seasonal effects on reproduction in the dairy cow-a review. Theriogenology 2003; 60: 1139-1151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00126-2
  11. De Vries MJ, van der Beek S, Kaal-Lansbergen LMTE, Ouweltjes W, Wilmink JBM. Modeling of energy balance in early lactation and the effect of energy deficits in early lactation on first detected estrus postpartum in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1999; 82: 1927-1934. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75428-7
  12. Dobson H, Smith RF, Royal MD, Knight CH, Sheldon IM. The high-producing dairy cow and its reproductive performance. Reprod Dom Anim 2007; 42 (Suppl.2): 17-23.
  13. El-Zarkouny SZ, Cartmill JA, Hensley BA, Stevenson JS. Pregnancy in dairy cows after synchronized ovulation regimens with or without presynchronization and progesterone. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87: 1024-1037. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73248-8
  14. Emadi SR, Rezaei A, Bolourchi M, Hovareshti P, Akbarinejad V. Administration of estradiol benzoate before insemination could skew secondary sex ratio toward males in Holstein dairy cows. Dom Anim Endocrinol 2014; 48: 110-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.03.001
  15. Galvao KN, SaFilho MF, Santos JEP. Reducing the interval from presynchronization to initiation of timed artificial insemination improves fertility in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 4212-4218. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0182
  16. Garcia E, Hultgren J, Fallman P, Geust J, Algers B, Stilwell G, Gunnarsson S, Rodriguez-Martinez H. Oestrous intensity is positively associated with reproductive outcome in highproducing dairy cows. Lives Sci 2011; 139: 191-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.01.004
  17. Garcia-Ispierto I, Lopez-Gatius F, Bech-Sabat G, Santolaria P, Yaniz JL, Nogareda C, De Rensis F, Lopez-Bejar M. Climate factors affecting conception rate of high producing dairy cows in northeastern Spain. Theriogenology 2007; 67: 1379-1385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.02.009
  18. Garcia-Ispierto I, Rosello MA, De Rensis F, Lopez-Gaitus F. A five-day progesterone plus eCG-based fixed-time AI protocol improves fertility over spontaneous estrus in highproducing dairy cows under heat stress. J Reprod Dev 2013; 59: 544-548. https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2013-041
  19. Gendelman M, Aroyo A, Yavin S, Roth Z. Seasonal effects on gene expression, cleavage timing, and developmental competence of bovine preimplantation embryos. Reproduction 2010; 140: 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-10-0055
  20. Gendelman M, Roth Z. In vivo vs. in vitro models for studying the effects of elevated temperature on the GV-stage oocyte, subsequent developmental competence and gene expression. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 134: 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.07.009
  21. Grimard B, Freret S, Chevallier A, Pinto A, Ponsart C, Humblot P. Genetic and environmental factors influencing first service conception rate and late embryonic/foetal mortality in low fertility dairy herds. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 91: 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.03.003
  22. Grohn YT, Rajala-Schultz PJ. Epidemiology of reproductive performance in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2000; 60-61: 605-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00085-3
  23. Han YK, Kim IH. Risk factors for retained placenta and the effect of retained placenta on the occurrence of postpartum diseases and subsequent reproductive performance in dairy cows. J Vet Sci 2005; 6: 53-59.
  24. Herlihy MM, Crowe MA, Berry DP, Diskin MG, Butler ST. Factors associated with fertility outcomes in cows treated with protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation in seasonal-calving, pasture-based dairy production system. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96: 1485-1498. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-5250
  25. Jeong JK, Kang HG, Hur TY, Kim IH. Synchronization using $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and estradiol with or without GnRH for timed artificial insemination in dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2013; 59: 97-101.
  26. Kim UH, Suh GH, Nam HW, Kang HG, Kim IH. Follicular wave emergence, luteal function and synchrony of ovulation following GnRH or estradiol benzoate in a CIDR-treated, lactating Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2005; 63: 260-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.04.005
  27. Kim IH, Kim UH, Suh GH, Kang HG. Factors affecting estrous exhibition and conception following a single administration of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ in dairy cows. J Vet Clin 2006; 23: 453-457.
  28. LeBlanc S. Assessing the association of the level of milk production with reproductive performance in dairy cattle. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56: S1-S7. https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.09-212E
  29. Lopez-Gatius F, Lopez-Bejar M, Fenech M, Hunter RH. Ovulation failure and double ovulation in dairy cattle: risk factors and effects. Theriogenology 2005; 63: 1298-1307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.06.010
  30. Lopez H, Satter LD, Wiltbank MC. Relationship between level of milk production and estrous behavior of lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2004; 81: 209-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2003.10.009
  31. Lucy MC. Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: where will it end? J Dairy Sci 2001; 84: 1277-1293. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)70158-0
  32. Mayne CS, McCoy MA, Lennox SD, Mackey DR, Verner M, Catney DC, McCaughey WJ, Wylie ARG, Kennedy BW, Gordon FJ. Fertility of dairy cows in Northern Ireland. Vet Rec 2002; 150: 707-713. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.150.23.707
  33. Martinez MF, Kastelic JP, Adams GP, Cook B, Olson WO, Mapletoft RJ. The use of progestins in regimens for fixedtime artificial insemination in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2002; 57: 1049-1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00682-3
  34. McDougall S. Effects of treatment of anestrous dairy cows with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin, and progesterone. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93: 1944-1959. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2305
  35. McNally JC, Crowe MA, Roche JF, Beltman ME. Effects of physiological and/or disease status on the response of postpartum dairy cows to synchronization of estrus using an intra-vaginal progesterone device. Theriogenology 2014; doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.08.006.
  36. Mellado M, Zuniga A, Veliz FG, de Santiago A, Garcia JE, Mellado J. Factors influencing pregnancy per artificial insemination in repeat-breeder cows induced to ovulate with a CIDR-based protocol. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 134: 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.08.001
  37. Moreira F, Risco C, Pires MFA, Ambrose JD, Drost M, Delorenzo M, Thatcher WW. Effect of body condition on reproductive efficiency of lactating dairy cows receiving a timed insemination. Theriogenology 2000; 53: 1305-1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00274-0
  38. Murugavel K, Yaniz JL, Santolaria P, Lopez-Bejar M, Lopez- Gatius F. Luteal activity at the onset of a timed insemination protocol affects reproductive outcome in early postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology 2003; 60: 583-593. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(03)00047-5
  39. Opsomer G, Coryn M, Deluyker H, de Kruif A. An analysis of ovarian dysfunction in high yielding dairy cows after calving based on progesterone profiles. Reprod Dom Anim 1998; 33: 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.1998.tb01342.x
  40. Pankowski JW, Galton DM, Erb HN, Guard CL, Grohn YT. Use of prostaglandin $F_{2a}$ as a postpartum reproductive management tool for lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1995; 78: 1477-1488. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76770-4
  41. Piccardi M, Capitaine Funes A, Balzarini M, Bo GA. Some factors affecting the number of days open in Argentinean dairy herds. Theriogenology 2013; 79: 760-765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.11.032
  42. Pollott GE, Coffey MP. The effect of genetic merit and production system on dairy cow fertility, measured using progesterone profiles and on-farm recording. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91: 3649-3660. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0913
  43. Pursley JR, Mee MO, Wiltbank MC. Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ and GnRH. Theriogenology 1995; 44: 915-923. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(95)00279-H
  44. Roche JR, Friggens NC, Kay JK, Fisher MW, Stafford KJ, Berry DP. Invited review: body condition score and its association with dairy cow productivity, health, and welfare. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92: 5769-5801. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2431
  45. Roth Z, Meidan R, Braw-Tal R, Wolfenson D. Immediate and delayed effects of heat stress on follicular development and its association with plasma FSH and inhibin concentration in cows. J Reprod Fertil 2000; 120: 83-90.
  46. Sangsritavong S, Combs DK, Sartori R, Armentano LE, Wiltbank MC. High feed intake increases liver blood flow and metabolism of progesterone and estradiol-17${\beta}$ in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 2831-2842. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74370-1
  47. Santos JEP, Rutigliano HM, Sa Filho MF. Risk factors for resumption of postpartum estrous cycles and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 110: 207-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.01.014
  48. Santos JEP, Narciso CD, Rivera F, Chebel RC, Thatcher WW. Effect of reducing the period of follicle dominance in a timed AI protocol on reproduction of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93: 2976-2988. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2870
  49. Souza AH, Gumen A, Silva EPB, Cunha AP, Guenther JN, Peto CM, Caraviello DZ, Wiltbank MC. Supplementation with estradiol-17${\beta}$ before the last gonadotropin-releasing hormone injection of the Ovsynch protocol in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Svi 2007; 90: 4623-4634. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0172
  50. Spalding RW, Everett RW, Foote RH. Fertility in New York artificial inseminated Holstein herds in dairy herd improvement. J Dairy Sci 1975; 58: 718-723. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(75)84633-9
  51. Thatcher WW, Santos JEP, Silvestre FT, Kim IH, Staples CR. Perspective on physiological/endocrine and nutritional factors influencing fertility in post-partum dairy cows. Reprod Dom Anim 2010; 45 (Suppl. 3): 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01664.x
  52. Thorup VM, Edwards D, Friggens NC. On-farm estimation of energy balance in dairy cows using only frequent body weight measurements and body condition score. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95: 1784-1793. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4631
  53. Van Eerdenburg FJ, Karthaus D, Taverne MA, Merics I, Szenci D. The relationship between estrous behavioral score and time of ovulation in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 1150-1156. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74177-5
  54. Vasconcelos JL, Silcox RW, Rosa GJ, Pursley JR, Wiltbank MC. Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 1999; 52: 1067-1078. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(99)00195-8
  55. Walsh SW, Williams EJ, Evans ACO. A review of the causes of poor fertility in high milk producing dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 123: 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.12.001
  56. Whittier WD, Gwazdauskas FC, McGilliard ML. Prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ usage in a dairy reproduction program for treatment of unobserved estrus, pyometra and ovarian luteal cysts. Theriogenology 1989; 32: 693-704. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(89)90290-2