• 한국인구학
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.77-97
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• 1994

Despite the fact that the national family planning program in korea has accomplished its primary goals of fertility reduction and universal contraceptive use, the induced abortion is still high and there has been an increasing trend in the population sex ratio at birth. It seems that the changes in the imbalance of sex ratio have originated from traditonal boy preference. This indicates that much of the current family planning program can be overhauled, so that the program quality could be better controlled, by preventing the number of unwanted pregnancies and the imbalance of sex ratios. This paper aims, therefore, to examine the determinants of induced abortion through the investigation of pregnancy outcomes and their changes over time and to study the interaction between induced abortion, boy preference and the imbalance of sex ratio in Korea. The abortion rate had increased rapidly until the mid-1980s when there were about the same number of abortions as live births. Thereafter, the abortion rate has been maintained at this high level. By parity it shows a much higher abortion rate for a higher parity at all time. From the first parity, the sex composition of previous children stands out as the most important factor in deciding the pregnancy outcome at all time. The probability of a pregnancy ending in an abortion increases substantially when parents already had a son. The decline of the desired family size and the sustained strong son preference has made the sex of children a more important factor in the determination of the pregnancy outcome. Women's education has had consistently positive effects on the probability of a pregnancy ending in an abortion, but the effect shows a steady decline over time. The premarital pregnancy and urban residence also increase the abortion probability. This study suggests that the main concerns of the family planning program should be to strengthen the social support policies so as to weaken the son preference value leading to a balanced sex ratio and prevention of induced abortions.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.200-204
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• 2016

This study investigated whether presynchronization with GnRH 6 days before initiation of the Ovsynch program improved reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Additionally, postponement of initiation of the Ovsynch program for cows during the metestrus phase by 5 days was investigated to determine if it improved reproductive outcomes. To accomplish this, 941 Holstein dairy cows with unknown estrous cycle were randomly allocated into an Ovsynch group (n = 768; $100{\mu}g$ gonadorelin [a GnRH analogue], $500{\mu}g$ of cloprostenol [$PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ analogue] seven days later, $100{\mu}g$ gonadorelin 56 h later and timed artificial insemination [AI] 16 h after) and a G6-Ovsynch (n = 173) that received $100{\mu}g$ GnRH followed by the Ovsynch program 6 days later. Additionally, 272 dairy cows with known estrous cycle (metestrus stage) received the Ovsynch 5 days later (Day 5-Ovsynch group, n = 272). The odds ratio (OR) for pregnancy was analyzed by logistic regression using the LOGISTIC procedure in SAS. The treatment group (p < 0.001) and AI season (p < 0.05) significantly affected the probability of pregnancy, whereas farm, cow parity, calving to AI interval, and body condition score had no affect (p > 0.05). The Day 5-Ovsynch group had a higher probability of pregnancy (OR: 1.71) than the Ovsynch group, while that of the G6-Ovsynch group was intermediate (p > 0.05). Cows inseminated during winter had a higher OR (1.39) than those inseminated during spring. Overall, additional GnRH treatment 6 days before the Ovsynch did not improve reproductive outcomes, whereas postponement of the initiation of Ovsynch by 5 days for cows during metestrus improved reproductive outcomes.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2014

본 연구는 젖소에서 배란동기화 프로그램 적용 후 임신율에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 분석에 포함된 자료는 젖소 목장 22개소내 사육 젖소 1,952두에 정시 인공수정을 위하여 실시한 배란동기화 프로그램(PG+EB, Ovsynch, CIDR-ovsynch), 젖소의 산차, 신체상태지수(BCS), 전 산차 분만일, 인공 수정일 및 임신 진단 결과를 포함하였으며, 통계분석은 SAS 로지스틱 회기분석을 이용하였다. 분석 결과, 목장(p = 0.005), 산차(p = 0.0001), BCS(p < 0.005) 및 인공수정 계절(p < 0.05)이 유의적으로 임신율에 영향을 미쳤으며, 공태기간은 경향성을 나타내었다(p < 0.1). 배란동기화 프로그램에 따른 임신율의 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았으나, 산차와 배란동기화 프로그램 사이에 교호관계가 성립되었다(p < 0.005). PG+EB 프로그램을 사용 시에는 초산 차에 비해 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율의 감소(odds ratio [OR]: 0.60, p < 0.0001)가 있었으나, Ovsynch 프로그램을 사용 시에는 초산 차에 비해 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율이 증가하는 경향이 있었으며(OR: 1.44, p < 0.1), CIDR-ovsynch 프로그램을 사용 시에는 초산 차와 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율의 차이가 없었다(p > 0.05). BCS가 3.00을 이상일 때가 2.75 이하일 때 보다 1.41배 임신 가능성이 증가되었으나, 인공수정을 여름에 실시할 때가 봄에 실시할 때에 비해 임신 가능성이 0.73배로 감소되었다. 인공 수정 시 공태기간이 150일을 경과 할 때가 150일 미만일 때 보다 임신 가능성이 1.20배 증가 경향이 있었다. 결론적으로, 젖소에서 배란동기화 프로그램 적용 후, 목장, 젖소의 산차, BCS, 공태기간 및 인공수정 계절이 임신율에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이었다. 또한 배란동기화 프로그램과 산차 사이 교호관계가 성립되었으며, PG+EB 프로그램 사용 시 초산 차에 비해 2산 이상의 경산우에서 임신율의 감소가 있었다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.47-76
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• 1996

이 논문은 인구자질정책을 전개하는 데 필요한 기초적인 정보를 제공하기 위하여 실시된 임신추적조사의 결과이다. 경기도 가평군 전지역을 대상으로 1993년 11월 3일부터 1995년 12월 31일까지 유배우 여성이 경험한 모든 임신을 추적조사하여 임신경과와 그 결과를 관찰하였다. 조사기간중 782건의 임신이 관찰되었는데, 이중 642건은 최종 임신종결 형태가 확인되었으며 140건은 전출 및 조사종료에 따라 관찰이 중단되었다. 본 연구에서는 임신추적조사 자료로 태생기 생명표를 작성하여 그 생명현상을 분석하였다. 태생기 생명표에 따른 임신종결확률은 출생률 53.5%, 태아사망률 14.5%, 인공유산율 32.0%로 전임신기간을 통해서 46.5%의 임신손모가 있었으며, 태아주령에 따른 임신종결확률의 곡선모양은 인공유산율과 태아사망률 모두 L형을 나타내었다. 한편 인위적으로 임신을 중단시키는 인공유산을 제외했을 경우의 태아사망확률은 21.9%였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 임신 초기에 태아사망이나 인공유산과 같은 임신손모에 의해 태생기의 생명이 상당히 손실되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 임신손모를 방지하기 위한 대책이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7929-7934
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• 2014

Background: The primary objective of this study was to assess the proportion of malignancies in ovarian masses during $1^{st}$ January 2002, to $31^{st}$ December 2011 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. A secondary objective was to evaluate associations with patients' clinical characteristics and ovarian malignancy proportion and subtypes. Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study analyzed data of ovarian masses larger than 3 centimeters in maximal diameter, from the division of Gynecologic Cyto-Pathology at KCMH. SPSS software version 17 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used. Results: A total number of 6,115 patients were included. Among the total ovarian masses studied, 13.7% were malignant. After the age of sixty, the proportion reached almost 40%. It was also above 20% in women younger than 20 years old. During premenarche period, proportion of ovarian malignancies was 50%. Only 1% of ovarian masses were found to be malignant during the pregnancy and post-partum periods. Parity decreased the probability of ovarian malignancy during postmenopausal years. Period of menopause did not have any impact on this probability. During the first two decades of life, germ cell malignancy dominated. As the age increased, the percentage of surface epithelial-stromal malignancy increased with a peak at the fifth decade. In contrast, malignant sex cord-stromal cell tumors occurred at a constant rate in each age group after the thirties. Conclusions: Proportion of ovarian cancers in each age group, menstrual and pregnancy status are similar. However there are differences in the distribution of ovarian subtypes especially for the surface epithelial-stromal category.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.23-43
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to explore the determinants of induced abortions of married women in Korea, with focus on the socioeconomic factors including fertility behaviors and ideation regarding family values. Data from the 2000 Korea National Fertility Survey by Korea Institute of Health and Social Affairs were used for the research. In particular, the women´s fertility history from 1998 to 2000 was served as the main data for this study. Among 1,901 pregnancies in total, 1,612 pregnancy outcomes were selected for the final analysis. Chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to identify influential factors on induced abortions. According to the results, working women was more likely than those who did not work to terminate their pregnancy by an induced abortion. Women´s religion did not show any significant impact on an induced abortion. A pregnant woman already having more than or equal to two children was very likely to choose an induced abortion. Likewise, those in unwanted pregnancy showed high probability of induced abortions. However, contrary to what we believe, it turned out that the number of sons did not affect the choice of induced abortions.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.591-600
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• 2023

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a modified Double-Ovsynch protocol vs artificial insemination following estrus detection (AIED) for the enhancement of reproductive performance in Hanwoo cattle. Methods: Four hundred twelve Hanwoo cows were allocated to two treatment groups. The first group of cows were administered gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on Day 36 (±0.6), prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) on Day 46 (8 to 12 days later), and GnRH on Day 49, which was followed by Ovsynch, consisting of an injection of GnRH on Day 56, PGF_2α on Day 63, and GnRH 56 h and timed AI (TAI) 16 h later (modified Double-Ovsynch group, n = 203). The second group of cows underwent AIED (AIED group, n = 209) and were designated as controls. Results: The pregnancy per AI 60 days after the first AI was higher in the modified Double-Ovsynch (68.5%) than in the AIED (56.5%) group, resulting in a higher probability of pregnancy per AI (odds ratio: 1.68, p<0.05). Moreover, cows in the modified Double-Ovsynch group were more likely (hazard ratio: 1.28, p<0.05) to be pregnant by 150 days after calving than cows in the AIED group, and this difference was associated with a lower mean number of AIs per conception (1.27 vs 1.39, p<0.05) and a shorter median interval between calving and pregnancy (72 vs 78 days, p<0.1). Conclusion: The modified Double-Ovsynch protocol, adjusted according to the herd visit schedule, can be readily used to increase the pregnancy per AI following the first AI and to shorten the interval between calving and pregnancy in beef herds.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1998

This study has been designed to analyze longterm trend of home-ownership probability over the family life cycle. In this study, 633 female household heads were interviewed on their critical life event such as pregnancy, birth or death of households, marriage, and residential movement between 1987 and 1990 in Oxaca, Mexico. The raw data composed of 100,000 lines were transformed into yearly segmented observation data, proposed by Allison. The results are drawn as follws: 1) There is significant effect of marriage cohort on residential mobility and home ownership: couples who married in 1960s are likely to change their residence at early stage of family life than those who married in 1940s. They also have lower probability of home ownership for 10 years after marriage than the other cohorts. 2) Over all the cohorts, it is consistent tendency that probability of home ownership continuously increases over the entire family life cycle for 40 years. 3) Of the logistic regression analysis of home ownership on household socioeconomic variables, the homeownership was positively related with age of marriage and time since marriage, and was negatively related with education of female head. Over in this study, it is proven that home owenership is ultimate goal of most families, and it is a function of family event variables.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.216-219
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• 2007

Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a clinically rare disease, and it has been known to be an autoimmune disease which mainly affects pregnant women at the end of gestation or right after delivery. The authors experienced a case of lymphocytic hypophysitis in a 29-year-old pregnant woman with rapid progressing visual disturbance. Sella MRI showed a mass-like lesion of hypophysis and hypertrophy of pituitary stalk with evidences of hypopituitarism. Cesarean section was done and then TSA was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was lymphocytic hypophysitis. After TSA, visual acuity was improved and visual field defect was recovered. She was given thyroid hormone replacement therapy because of transient partial hypopituitarism for 6 months after surgery. One must consider the probability of lymphocytic hypophysitis, if there are alteration of visual acuity and visual field defect which aggravate rapidly during pregnancy due to mass effect, decreased serum hormonal levels shown in hypopituitarism and sella MRI findings of hypertrophy of pituitary stalk and enlargement of pituitary gland.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2005

Logistic Regression Analysis was used to compute the odds ratio (OR) and probability of conception of Holstein dairy cows of AL-MARAIE company. Data consisted of 103,778 reproductive records collected from three farms in the central region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Records were classified according to lactation number, season of calving and milk level. At first lactation, OR of first service was 0.63 of other services and probability of pregnancy from first services was 0.39. Odds ratio increased to 1.72 at fourth lactation or probability of conception reached 0.63. The probability of conception increased from 0.39 for cows inseminated at first services to 0.75 at fifth service insemination. Odds ratio of cows calving in winter were higher than those calving in summer. Odds ratio of conception of low producing cows is about twice as likely to occur from first service as from other services. However, OR of conception of high producing cows was higher than one (probability=0.56) from first service and increased to 1.63 (probability=0.65) from third service. Odds ratio was in favor of the right uterus horn where probability of conception from first service was slightly greater than 50% in first and second lactations and less than 50% in favor of left horn in later lactations.