The Journal of the Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회논문지)

The Korea Contents Association (한국콘텐츠학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Motives of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: the Application of Q-methodology

조직시민행동(OCB)의 수행동기: Q방법론의 적용

  • Received : 2012.12.18
  • Accepted : 2013.01.11
  • Published : 2013.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

OCB(organizational citizenship behavior) is a employee behavior that goes above and beyond the call of duty, that is discretionary and not explicitly recognized by the employing organization's formal reward system, and that contributes to organizational effectiveness. In a word, OCB has great potential as a organizational slack. As such, researchers have been showing great interest in the antecedents of OCB, and as a result, now we can meet so many antecedents of OCB from individual level variables to group or organizational level variables that are said to be important in explaining OCB. Additionally each of these variables is known to have its own sound logic and statistically significant effect on OCB. However the results of these studies are so fragmented that researchers have a great difficulty in drawing some meaningful or coherent conclusions. In this context, we try to applicate Q-methodology to find more coherent way of explaining the motives of OCB, and briefly speaking, we find four types of the motives of OCB, that is norm-based, instrumentality-based, trait-based, and avoidance-based type. Among these the last avoidance-based type is especially interesting, because we can't find any remarks on this type in the previous studies. The paper ends with suggestions for future research directions. We expect that these suggestions could be a foundation on which more developed and coherent OCB theories stand. We don't see this approach supplanting earlier efforts; rather we believe this can offer more detailed explanation in addition to those provided by other approaches.

본 연구에서는 기존연구들이 OCB의 선행요인들에 대한 지속적인 연구를 해 오고 있음에도, 환원주의적 회귀모형 혹은 이변량적 접근에 치중함으로써, 그 수행동기를 충분히 설명해 내지는 못하고 있다는 비판에 착안하고 있다. OCB는 본질적으로 지극히 주관적이고, 가변적인 속성을 띠기에, 구성원들이 자신의 관점과 입장에서 OCB를 어떻게 인식 및 해석하고 또 수행하는 지를 탐구할 필요가 제기되는 바, 그 속성상 이에 매우 부합하는 특성을 지닌 Q방법론을 적용하며, 두 가지 연구과제, 즉, 첫째, OCB의 수행동기에 대한 구성원들의 인식유형을 파악하고, 둘째, 파악된 인식유형별로 그 구체적 특성을 비교분석한다. 17명의 P표본을 대상으로 분석한 결과 모두 4가지 유형의 OCB수행의 주관적 동기가 도출되고 있는 바, 각기 그 특징에 부합하도록 규범기반형, 수단기반형, 기질기반형, 그리고 회피기반형이라는 명칭들을 부여하였다. 이 유형들은 대부분 기존연구들에서 이론적으로 논의되어 왔던 OCB의 수행동기들에 부합하는 특징 들을 드러냄과 동시에, 서로 분명하게 구분되는 차별성을 보여주고 있어 매우 흥미롭다. 한편 본 연구에서 회피기반형이라 명명된 마지막 유형의 경우에는 기존의 연구들에서는 전혀 논의된 바 없는 OCB의 새로운 수행동기유형으로서, 차후 집중적인 연구가 필요한 부분이라 할 것인데, 이는 가설생성적인 Q방법론의 특징을 여실히 보여주고 있다할 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김경석, "조직시민행동(OCB)의 선행요인 연구:수단모형의 증분설명력을 중심으로", 조직과인사 관리연구, 제35권, 제2호, pp.55-80, 2011.
  2. 김경석, "조직시민행동의 개념적 본질에 대한 소고", 인사.조직연구, 제14권, 제2호, pp.141-175, 2006.
  3. 김흥규, Q방법론: 과학철학, 이론, 분석 그리고 적용, 커뮤니케이션북스, 2008.
  4. 김흥규, Q방법론의 이해와 적용, 서강대 언론문화연구소, 2006.
  5. 선우동훈, Q방법론에 의한 소비자행동 연구, 광고 연구, 여름호(제11호), 한국방송광고공사, p.7, 1991.
  6. S. Brown, Political Subjectivity: Applications of Q Methodology, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980.
  7. S. Brown, D. During, and S. Selden, "Q Methodology," In G. Miller and M. Whicker (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration, New York: Marcel Dekker. 1999.
  8. S. H. Barr and B. S. Pawar, "Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Domain Specifications for Three Middle Range Theories," Academy of Management Proceedings: pp.302-306. 1995.
  9. J. R. Deckop, R. Mangel, and C. C. Cirka, "Getting More Than You Pay for: Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Pay-for-Performance Plans," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.42, No.4, pp.420-428, 1999. https://doi.org/10.2307/257012
  10. J. W. Graham, "Principled Organizational Dissent: A Theoretical Essay," Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol.8, pp.1-52, 1986.
  11. J. W. Graham, "An Essay on Organizational Citizenship Behavior," Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Vol.4, pp.249-270, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01385031
  12. M. A. Konovsky and S. D. Pugh, "Citizenship Behavior & Social Exchange," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.37, No.3, pp.656-669, 1994. https://doi.org/10.2307/256704
  13. J. A. Malinak, "The Relationship between Intrinsic Motivation, Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Longitudinal Study," Unpublished doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1993.
  14. A. D. Meyer, A. S. Tsui, and C. R. Hinings, "Configurational Approaches to Organizational Analysis," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.36, No.6, pp.1175-1195, 1993. https://doi.org/10.2307/256809
  15. G. A. Neuman, and J. R. Kickul, "Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Achievement Orientation and Personality," Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol.13, No.2, pp.263-279, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022963108025
  16. D. W. Organ, Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Good Soldier Syndrom, Lexington, MA: Lexington Books..1988.
  17. D. W. Organ, "The motivational basis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior," Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol.12, pp.43-72, 1990.
  18. D. W. Organ, "Organizational Citizenship Beahvior: It's Construct Clean-Up Time," Human Performance, Vol.10, No.2, pp.85-97, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1002_2
  19. D. W. Organ and M. A. Konovsky, "Cognitive versus Affective Determinants of Organizational Citizenship Behavior," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.74, pp.157-164, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.157
  20. J. L. Pearce and H. B. Gregersen, "Task Interdependence and Extra-role Behavior: A Test of the Mediating Effects of Felt Responsibility," Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol.76, pp.838-844, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.838
  21. P. M. Podsakoff, S. B. MacKenzie, and C. Hui, "Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Managerial Evaluations of Employee Performance:A Review and Suggestions for future research," Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Vol.11, pp.1-40, 1993.
  22. A. Somech and A. Drach-Zahavy, "Exploring Organizational Citizenship Behavior from an Organizational Perspective: The Relationship between Organizational Learning and Organizational Citizenship Behavior," Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol.77, pp.281-298, 2004.
  23. J. R. Spence, D. L. Ferris, D. J. Brown, and D. Heller, "Understanding daily citizenship behaviors: A social comparison perspective," Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.32, pp.547-571, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.738
  24. B. M. Staw, "Organizational Behavior: A Review and Reformulation of the Field's Outcome Variables," Annual Review of Psychology, Vol.35, pp.627-666, 1984. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.35.020184.003211
  25. L. Van Dyne, J. W. Graham, and R. M. Dienesch, "Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Construct Redefinition, Measurement, and Validation," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.37, pp.765-802, 1994. https://doi.org/10.2307/256600
  26. B. McKeown and D. Thomas, Q methodology, Newbury Park. CA: Sage, 1998.
  27. A. L. Valenta and U. Wigger, "Q-methodology: Definition and application in health care informatics," Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Vol.4, No.6, pp.501-510, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.1997.0040501
  28. S. Watts and P. Stenner, "Doing q methodology: Theory, method and interpretation," Qualitative Research in Psychology, Vol.2, pp.67-91, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088705qp022oa
  29. 김흥규, Q방법론의 이해와 적용, 서울: 서강대 언론문화연구소, 1990.
  30. 김흥규, Q방법론: 과학철학, 이론, 분석 그리고 적용, 서울: 커뮤니케이션북스, 2008.
  31. 김용순, "호텔기업의 윤리적 리더십과 조직시민 행동의 관계에서 통제위치의 조절효과", 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 제12권, 제3호, pp.382-390, 2012.
  32. 강민완, 김효준, "Influence of Strategic Human Resource Management of on Organizational Culture and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Private Facility Security Guards," 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 제11권, 제4호, pp.389-403, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2011.11.4.389
  33. 신혜숙, "변혁적 리더십이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향", 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 제12권, 제3호, pp.401-410, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2012.12.03.401
  34. 고호석, 이준엽, "호텔종사원의 리더십 유형이 조직몰입, 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향", 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 제9권, 제9호, pp.346-358, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2009.9.9.346

Cited by

  1. Motives of Organizational Citizenship Behavior : comparison between OCBO & OCBI vol.13, pp.11, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2013.13.11.699