References
- Bai D, Brandle J and Reeleder R. (1997). Genetic diversity in north America ginseng(Panax quinquefolius L.) grown in Ontario detected by RAPD analysis. Genome. 40:111-115. https://doi.org/10.1139/g97-015
- Bang KH, Sung JS, Park CH, Jin DC, Park CG, Yu HS, Park HW and Seong NS. (2004). Discrimination of Atractylodes rhizome white using anatomical characteristics and SCAR markers. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 12:53-59.
- Bang KH, Lee JW, Kim YC, Kim DH, Lee EH and Jeung JU. (2010). Construction of genomic DNA library of Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and development of sequence-tagged sites. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 33:1579-1588. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.33.1579
- Bang KH, Chung JW, Kim YC, Lee JW, Jo IH, Seo AY, Kim OT, Hyun DY, Kim DH and Cha SW. (2011). Development of SSR markers for identification of Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) cultivars. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 19:185-190. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2011.19.3.185
- Bang KH, Seo AY, Chung JW, Kim YC, Jo IH, Kim JU, Kim DH, Cha SW, Cho YG and Kim HS. (2012). Analysis of genetic polymorphism and relationship of Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines using EST-SSR marker. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 20:277-285. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2012.20.4.277
- Bernet GP, Bramardi S, Calvache D, Carbonell EA and Asins MJ. (2003). Applicability of molecular markers in the context of protection of new varieties of cucumber. Plant Breeding. 122:146-152. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00838.x
- Boehm CL, Harrison HC, Jung G and Nienhuis J. (1999). Organization of American and Asian ginseng germplasm using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) marker. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 124:252-256.
- Cui XM, Lo CK, Yip KL, Dong TTX and Tsim KWW. (2003). Authentication of Panax notoginseng by 5S-rRNA spacer domain and random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis. Planta Medica. 69:584-586. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-40632
- Devos KM and Gale MD. (1992). The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 84:567-572.
- Hamada SR, Petrino MG and Kakunaga T. (1982). A novel repeated element with Z-DNA-forming potential is widely found in evolutionarily diverse eukaryotic genomes. Proceedings of National Academy of Science of the United States of America. 79:6465-6469. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.79.21.6465
- Kang HW, Park DS, Go SJ and Eun MY. (2002). Fingerprinting of diverse genomes using PCR with universal rice primers generated from repetitive sequence of Korean weedy rice. Molecules and Cells. 13:281-287.
- Kang HW and Kang KK. (2008). Genomic characterization of Oryza species-specific CACTA-like transposon element and its application for genomic fingerprinting of rice varieties. Molecular Breeding. 21:283-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-007-9128-4
- Kim NH, Ahn IO, Choi HI and Yang TJ. (2012). EST-SSR marker sets for practical authentication of all nine registered ginseng cultivars in Korea. Journal of Ginseng Research. 36:298-307. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2012.36.3.298
- Kwon WS, Moon CH, Kim YT, Lee MG and Choi KT. (1991). Comparisons of growth, crude saponin, ginsenosides, and anthocyanins in superior lines of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Journal of Ginseng Research. 23:219-228.
- Kwon WS, Lee MG and Choi KT. (2000). Breeding process and characteristics of Yunpoong, a new variety of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Journal of Ginseng Research. 24:1-7.
- Kwon WS, Lee MG and Lee JH. (2001). Characteristics of flowering and fruiting in new varieties and lines of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Journal of Ginseng Research. 25:41-44.
- Kwon WS, Lee JH, Park CS and Yang DC. (2003). Breeding process and characteristics of Gopoong, a new variety of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Journal of Ginseng Research. 27:86-91. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2003.27.2.086
- Lee JW, Kim YC, Jo IH, Seo AY, Lee JH, Kim OT, Hyun DY, Cha SW, Bang KH and Cho JH. (2011). Development of an ISSR-derived SCAR marker in Korean ginseng cultivars(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Journal of Ginseng Research. 35:52-59. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2011.35.1.052
- Lewontin RC. (1972). The apportionment of human diversity. Evolutionary Biology. 6:381-398.
- Lim W, Mudge KW and Weston LA. (2007). Utilization of RAPD markers to assess genetic diversity of wild populations of north American ginseng(Panax quinquefolium). Planta Medica. 73:71-76. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-951768
- Ministry of Food and Drug Safety(MFDS). (2013). State of health functional foods in 2012. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Osong, Korea.
- Mullis KB, Faloona FA, Scharf SJ, Saiki RK, Horn GT and Erlich H. (1986). Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro: The polymerase chain reaction. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 51:263-273. https://doi.org/10.1101/SQB.1986.051.01.032
- Rhim SY, Sohn JK, Ryu TS, Kwon TR, Choi JK and Choi HJ. (2010). Analysis for the major traits and genetic similarity of native ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) collections in Korea. Korean Journal of Breeding. 42:488-494.
- Rural Development Administration(RDA). (2009). Standard cultivation guidebook for good agricultural practice. Rural Development Administration. Suwon, Korea. p.47-117.
- Seo SD, Yuk JA, Cha SK, Kim HH, Seong BJ, Kim SI and Choi JE. (2003). Analysis of diversity of Panax ginseng collected in Korea by RAPD technique. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 11:377-384.
- Shim YH, Choi JH, Park CD, Lim CJ, Cho JH and Kim HJ. (2003). Molecular differentiation of Panax species by RAPD analysis. Archives of Pharmacal Research. 26:601-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02976708
- Tautz D and Renz M. (1984). Simple sequences are ubiquitous repetitive components of eukaryotic genomes. Nucleic Acids Research. 12:4127-4138. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/12.10.4127
- Williams JGK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Raafalski JA and Tingey SV. (1990). DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research. 18:6531-6535. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.22.6531
- Xu YH, Jin H, Kim YC, Bang KH, Cha SW and Zhang LX. (2010). Genetic diversity and genetic structures in ginseng landraces(cultivars) by SRAP analysis. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 18:180-185.
- Yang CJ, Wang J, Mu LQ, Li SC, Liu GJ and Hu CQ. (2008). Development of an EST-SSR marker in Panax ginseng. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology. 5:175-181.
- Yang DC and Kim MS. (2003). DNA analysis of ginseng using PCR-aided RFLP technology. Journal of Ginseng Research. 27:146-150. https://doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2003.27.3.146
- Yeh FC, Yang RC, Boyle TBJ, Ye ZH and Mao JX. (1997). POPGENE, the user-friendly shareware for population genetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, University of Alberta. Canada.