DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Child-Parent Attachment on Children's Mutual Friendships and Mutual Antipathy Relations

유아-부모 애착이 유아의 상호 우정과 상호 반감관계에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Hee-Kyung (Department of Early Childhood Education, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kang, In-Seol (Department of Early Childhood Education, Choonhae College of Health Sciences)
  • Received : 2012.07.31
  • Accepted : 2012.10.22
  • Published : 2012.12.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the child-mother attachment and the child-father attachment (secure attachment, insecure avoidant and insecure disorganized attachment) on children's mutual friendships and mutual antipathy relations. The subjects consisted of 116 5-6 year old kindergarteners (64 boys & 52 girls) and they were asked to respond to the Attachment Story Completion Task by Bretherton & Cassidy (1990), based on the sociometric popularity postulated by Coie & Dodge (1988). Data were analyzed by the logistic regression analysis and the one-way ANOVA method and the Scheffe test in multiple comparisons analysis. The results concluded that 1)There were differences in terms of child-mother attachment and child-father attachment when it came to a child's mutual friendship. The secure child-mother and child-father attachment groups had more mutual friendships than the insecure attachment groups. 2)There were no differences in terms of child-mother attachment and child-father attachment when it came to child's mutual antipathy. 3) 78.0% of the mutual friendships were accurately classified as existence with respect to child-mother and child-father attachment.

Keywords

References

  1. Abecassis, M. (1999). I dislike you and you dislike me: Prevalence and developmental significance of mutual antipathies among preadolescents and adolescevts. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA.
  2. Abecassis, M. (2003). I hate you just the way you are: Exploring the formation, maintenance, and need for enemies. New directions for child and adolescent development, 102, 5-22.
  3. Abecassis, M., Hartup, W. W., Haselager, G. J. T., Scholte, R. H., & Van Lieshout, F. M. (2002). Mutual antipathies and their significance in middle childhood and adolescent. Child Development, 73(5), 1543-1556. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00489
  4. An, L. W. (2007). Sociometry. Gyeonggi-do: Seohyeonsa.
  5. Asendorpf, J. B. (1993). Beyond temperament: A two-factorial coping model of the development of inhibition during childhood. In K. H. Rubin & J. B. Asendorpf (Eds.), Social withdrawal, inhibition and shyness in childhood (pp. 265-290). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  6. Barnett, D., & Vondra, J. I. (1999). Atypical patterns of early attachment: Theory, research, and current directions. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 64(3), 1-24.
  7. Belsky, J., & Cassidy, J. (1994). Attachment: Theory and evidence. In M. Rutter & D. Hays (Eds.), Development through life (pp. 373-402). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
  8. Berlin, L. J., Cassidy, J., & Appleyard, K. (2008). The influence of early attachments on other relationships. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 333-347). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  9. Blumberg, H. H. (1969). On being liked more than you like. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 11(2), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0027038
  10. Booth, C. L., Rubin, K. H., & Rowe-Krasnor, L. (1998). Perceptions of emotional support from mother and friend in middle childhood: Links with social-emotional adaptation and preschool attachment security. Child Development, 69(2), 427- 442. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06200.x
  11. Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 50(1), 3-35.
  12. Bretherton, I., Ridgeway, D., & Cassidy, J. (1990). Assessing internal working models in the attachment relationship: An attachment story completion task for 3-year-olds. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment during the preschool years (pp. 272-308). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
  13. Bukowski, W. M., Newcomb, A. F., & Hartup, W. W. (1996). Friendship and its significance in childhood and adolescence: Introduction and comment. In W. M. Bukowski, A. F. Newcomb, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendships in childhood and adolescence (pp. 1-16). New York, NY; Cambridge University Press.
  14. Card, N. A. (2010). Antipathetic relationships in child and adolescent development: A meta-analytic review and recommendations for an emerging area of study. Developmental Psychology, 46(2), 516- 529. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017199
  15. Card, N. A., & Hodge, E. V. E. (2003). Parent-child relationships and enmity with peers: The role of avoidant and preoccupied attachment. New directions for child and adolescent development, 102, 23- 37.
  16. Choi, M. S., Moon, S. H., Kim, C. G, & Lee, K. H. (2008). Parent-child relationships, children's gender, peer popularity and children's prosocial behavior. Korea Journal of Child Care and Education, 54, 99-118.
  17. Doh, H. S. (2000.) Victimization by peers in early adolescents: Relationships to parent attachment, peer rejection, and friendship. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 21(1), 307-322.
  18. Elicker, J., Englund, M., & Sroufe, L. A. (1992). Predicting peer competence and peer relations in childhood from early parent-child relationships. In R. D. Parke & G. W. Ladd (Eds.), Family-peer relationships: Modes of linkages. (pp. 77-106). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  19. Fox, N. A., Kimmerly, N. L., & Schafer, W. D. (1991). Attachment to mother/attachment to father: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 62(1), 210-225. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130716
  20. Furman, W., & Robbins, P. (1985). What's the point? Issues in the selection of treatment objectives. In B. Schneider, K. H. Rubin, & J. E. Ledingham (Eds.), Children's peer relations: Issues in assessment and intervention (pp. 41-54). New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
  21. Gifford-Smith, M. E., & Brownell, C. A. (2003). Childhood peer relationships: Social acceptance, friendships, and peer networks. Journal of School Psychology, 41, 235-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4405(03)00048-7
  22. Grossman, K., Grossman, K., Kindler, H., & Zimmermann, P. (2008). A wider view of attachment and exploration: The influence of mothers and fathers on the development of psychological security from infancy to young adulthood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. (pp. 857-879). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  23. Hartup, W. W. (1989). Social relationships and their developmental significance. American Psychologist, 44(2), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.120
  24. Hartup, W. W., & Abecassis, M. (2002). Friends and Enemies. In P. Smith & C. Hart (Eds.), Blackwell's Handbook of Social Development (pp. 1590- 1600). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing company.
  25. Hartup, W. W., & Stevens, N. (1999). Friendships and adaptation across the life span. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 76-79 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00018
  26. Hay, D. F., Payne, A., & Chadwick, A. (2004). Peer relations in childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(1), 84-108. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00308.x
  27. Hayes, D., Gershman, E., & Bolin, L. (1980). Friends and enemies: Cognitive bases for preschool children's unilateral and reciprocal relationships. Child Development, 51, 1276-1279. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129572
  28. Hesse, P., & Mark, J. (1991). The world is a dangerous place: Images of the enemy on children's television. In R. Rieber (Ed.), The Psychology of War and Peace: The Image of the Enemy. New York, NY: Plenum.
  29. Howes, C. (1983). Patterns of friendship. Child Development, 54(4), 1041-1053. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129908
  30. Hwang, Y. M., & Moon, H. J. (2010). The effects of young children and their mother's variables on peer acceptance of the children. Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 48(6), 17-30.
  31. Kang, I. S. (2011). A study of the relationship between individual characteristic and social network of popular children: In the case of general popular children and controversial popular children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
  32. Kerns, K. A., Klepac, L., & Cole, A. K. (1996). Peer relationships and preadolescents' perceptions of security in the child-mother relationship. Developmental Psychology, 32(3), 457-466 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.32.3.457
  33. Kim, H. T. (2004). Young children's social interaction in mutual friendship relations. The Journal of Korea Early Childhood Education, 11(1), 25-48.
  34. Kim, J. H., & Jun, Y. H. (2008). The relationships among young children's representation of attachment, peer popularity, and social competence. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 17(2), 25-43.
  35. Kim, M. J. (2006). The development and effects of a program applied sand-play therapy to improve motherchild attachment relationship. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
  36. Kim, S. W. (2010). Statistical package for the social sciences analysis of moment structures. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  37. Lee, J. S. (2001). Preschool children's representation of attachment: Associations with teacher-child relationship and social competence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
  38. Lee, O. H., & Yoo, E. J. (2004). A study on the relation of children's friendship and theory of mind development. The Journal of Educational Research, 42(3), 429-450.
  39. Lee, Y. H., & Lee, J. S. (2003). The influence of parents' attachment representation on the children's social development. The Korea Association of Child Care and Education, 33, 69-91.
  40. Lindsey, E. W., Caldera, Y. M., & Tankersley, L. (2009). Marital conflict and the quality of young children's peer play behavior: The mediating and moderating role of parent-child emotional reciprocity and attachment security. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(2), 130-145. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014972
  41. Lisonbee, J., & Cleary, D. (2003). Mutual antipathies, reciprocated friendships, and school adjustment in middle childhood: Concurrent and longitudinal relations. Poster session presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Tampa, Florida, USA.
  42. MacDonald, C. M., & Cohen, R. (1995). Children's awareness of which peers like them and which peers dislike them. Social Development, 4(2), 182-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1995.tb00059.x
  43. McElwain, N. L., Booth-LaForce, C., Lansford, J. E., Wu, X., & Justin Dyer, W. (2008). A process model of attachment-friend linkages: Hostile attribution biases, language ability, and mother-child affective mutuality as intervening mechanisms. Child Development, 79(6), 1891-1906. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01232.x
  44. Moon, H. L. (2011). Relationship between the quality of five-year-old children's friendship and their selfregulation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ehwa Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
  45. Newcomb, A. F., & Bagwell, C. L. (1995). Children's friendship relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 117(2), 306-347. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.306
  46. Newcomb, A. F., Bukowski, W. M., & Bagwell, C. L. (1999). Knowing the sounds: Friendship as a developmental context. In W. A. Collins & B. Laursen (Eds.), Minnesota symposium on child development (pp. 63-84). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  47. Park, H. K., & Chung, K. S. (2010). The effects of child-parent attachment and its concordance with children's peer status. Korea Journal of Child Studies, 31(2), 229-242.
  48. Park, Y. Y., Lee, S. G., Yoon, H. S., & Hong, H. K. (2007). The relationship among young children's play characteristics, peer acceptance and preschool adjustment. The Journal of Korea early Childhood Education, 11(3), 227-246.
  49. Parker, J. G., & Gamm, B. K. (2003). Describing the dark side of preadolescents' peer experiences: Four questions (and data) on preadolescents' enemies. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 102, 55-72.
  50. Petti, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (1997). Supportive parenting, ecological context, and children's adjustment: A seven-year longitudinal study. Child Development, 68, 908-923.
  51. Pope, A. W. (2003). Developmental risk associated with mutual dislike in elementary school children. New directions for child and adolescent development, 102, 89-110.
  52. Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W., & Parker, J. G. (2006). Peer interactions, relationships, and groups. In W. Damon, R. M. Lerner, & N. Eisenberg (Eds.),Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3, Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 571-645). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  53. Rodkin, P. C., Pearl, R., Farmer, T. W., & Van Acker, R. (2003). Enemies in the gendered societies of middle childhood: Prevalence, stability, associations with social status, and aggression. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development. 102, 73-88.
  54. Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Petti, G. S., & Bates, J. E.(2000). Friendship as a moderating factor in the pathway between early harsh home environment and later victimization in the peer group. Developmental Psychology, 36, 646-662. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.36.5.646
  55. Seibert, A. C. (2009). Processes linking parent-child attachment and peer relationships. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Kent State University, Kent, USA.
  56. Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., & Carlson, E. (1999). One social world: The integrated development of parentchild and peer relationships. In W.A. Collins & B. Laursen (Eds.), Relationships as developmental context: The 30th Minnesota symposium on child psychology (pp. 241-62). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  57. Stams, G. J. J. M., Juffer, F., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2002). Marternal sensitivity, infant attachment, and temperament in early childhood predict adjustment in middle childhood: The case of adopted children and their biologically unrelated parents. Developmental Psychology, 5(2), 117-130.
  58. Steele, H., Steele, M., & Fonagy, P. (1996). Associations among attachments classifications of mothers, fathers and their infants. Child Development, 67, 541-555. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131831
  59. Szewczyk-Sokolowski, M., Bost, K., & Wainwright, A. (2005). Attachment, temperament and preschool children's peer acceptance. Social Development, 14(3), 379-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2005.00307.x
  60. Thompson, R. A. (1998). Early sociopersonality development. In W. Damon (Series Ed.) & N. Eisenberg (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (5th ed. pp. 25-104). New York, NY: Wiley
  61. Verissimo, M., Santos, A. J., Vaughn, B. E., Torres, N., Monteiro, M., & Santos, O. (2011). Quality of attachment to father and mother and number of reciprocal friends. Early Child Development and Care. 181(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430903211208
  62. Witkow, M. R., Bellmore, A. D., Nishina, A., Juvonen, J., & Graham, S. (2005). Mutual antipathies during early adolescence: More than just rejection. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(3), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/01650250444000513

Cited by

  1. The Effect of Peer Relationship, Depression, and Aggression on Bullying and Victim among Boys and Girls vol.52, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.6115/fer.2014.019