Fertilizer Management Practices with Rice Straw Application for Improving Soil Quality in Watermelon Monoculture Greenhouse Plots

시비관리 및 생 볏짚 처리가 수박연작 시설재배지 토양에 미치는 영향

  • Ahn, Byung-Koo (Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Lee, Young-Han (Gyeongsangnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Ho (Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University)
  • Received : 2010.01.05
  • Accepted : 2010.01.13
  • Published : 2010.02.28

Abstract

Indoor cultivation plots for watermelon plant mostly have salt-accumulation problem because of continuous cropping especially with the heavy applications of chemical fertilizers. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate selected soil properties and watermelon growth condition as affected by the application of different farming practices in the salt-affected soils of greenhouse plots used for continuous watermelon production. Five different practice conditions in the experimental plots were applied, 1) a conventional farming practice (CFP), 2) a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer management practice (FMP), and 3) the FMP with different amounts (5, 10, and 15 ton $ha^{-1}$)of fresh rice straw treatments (FMP-RS), for three years of study. As comparing with CFP plots, soil organic matter content gradually increased during the experimental years, whereas it decreased in the FMP only plot. Soil pH was not changed in the CFP and FMP plot, but it declined in the FMP-RS plots; however, it increased again from the third year in the FMP-RS plots with applying 10 and 15 ton $ha^{-1}$ of RS treatments. The concentrations of exchangeable cations, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$, except $K^+$, and water-soluble anions, ${NO_3}^-$, $Cl^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$, markedly decreased in FMP and FMP-RS plots. In particular, the application of rice straw tended to significantly decrease the ion concentrations, especially most anions, in the first year, but there was no more decrease in the second and third study years. With relation to the ion concentrations, the changes of electrical conductivity (EC) after applying the management practices showed very similar to those of the ion concentrations. In addition, incidence of withered watermelon plant after applying the management practices dramatically declined from approximately 20% in the CFP plot to 3.5% in the FMP-RS plots. Water melon fruit weight was also improved by the management practices, especially FMP-RS. Therefore, the fertilizer and/or fresh rice straw application management practices are beneficial to improve salt-affected soils and watermelon plant growth condition.

수박재배에 적합한 양분함량보다 약 3배 이상 높고, 7년간 수박을 연작해온 시설 재배지에서 시비관리 및 생볏짚을 연용하면서 토양 중 염류경감 효과와 수박시들음증 발생률을 조사하였다. 시험은 관행구, 시비관리구, 시비관리 및 5, 10, 15 ton $ha^{-1}$ 생볏짚 처리구로 나누어 3년간 실시하였다. 유기물함량은 예상할 수 있는 바와 같이 대부분의 처리구에서 지속적으로 증가하였으며, 단지 시비관리구에서만 감소하였다. 토양 pH는 관행구 및 시비관리구에서는 변화가 거의 없었고, 시비관리-볏짚처리구에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 시험 3년차부터 10, 15 ton $ha^{-1}$ 시비관리-볏짚처리구에서 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 치환성 양이온 즉 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, 중 $Ca^{2+}$$Mg^{2+}$의 함량과 수용성 음이온, ${NO_3}^-$, $Cl^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, ${PO_4}^{3-}$의 함량은 시비관리구 및 시비관리-볏짚처리구에서 상당히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 시비관리-볏짚처리구에서 생볏짚의 처리량과는 관계없이 시험 1년차에 많은 양이 감소한 후, 2~3년차에서는 더 이상 감소하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 치환성 $K^+$ 함량은 시비관리구에서 다고 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 다른 처리구에서는 시험기간 동한 거의 변화하지 않았다. 그리고 이러한 양이온과 음이온의 함량변화와 관계가 깊은 전기전도도(EC)를 조사한 결과 수용성 음이온 함량변화와 같은 경향을 보이며 감소하였다. 또한 수박생육과 관련하여 수박시들음증 발생률은 관행구에서 최고 약 20%까지 발생하였으나, 시비관리와 함께 생볏짚을 10 ton $ha^{-1}$ 이상 사용하면 최고3.5%까지 급격히 감소하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, B.K., D.H. Kim, and J.H. Lee. 2007. Post harvest cropping impacts on soil properties in continuous watermelon (Citrulllus lanatus Thunb.) cultivation plots. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 40(1):98-107.
  2. Bernstein, L. 1975. Effect of salinity on plant growth. Ann. Rev. of Phytophology. 13:295-312. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.13.090175.001455
  3. Bresler, E., B.L. McNeal, and D.L. Carter, 1982. Saline and Sodic Soils: Principles-Dynamics-Modeling. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp: 236.
  4. Carden,G.E., J.G. Davis, T.A. Bauder, and R.M. Waskom. 2007. Managing saline soil. Colorado State University Cooperative Extension, CO, USA
  5. Cooperband, L. 2002. Building Soil Organic Matter with Organic Amendments: A resource for urban and rural gardeners, small farmers, turfgrass managers and large-scale producers. Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems.Univ. of Wisconsin. Madison, WI.
  6. Huh, Y.C., Y.H. Woo, J.M. Lee, and Y.H. Om. 2003. Growth and fruit characteristics of watermelon grafted onto Citrullus rootstock selected for disease resistence. J. Kor. Hort. Sci. 44:649-654.
  7. Hwang, N.Y., J. Ryu, J.S. Na, and J.K. Kim. 1989. Studies on the cause of injury by continuous cropping and the effect of soil conditioner on red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). II. Effects of soil conditioners applied on continuous cropping fields. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 22(3):205-214.
  8. Jun, H.S., and W.C. Park. 2001. Soil chemical characteristics and comparison with infested status of nematode (Meloidogyme spp.) in plastic house continuously cultivated oriental melon in Sonju. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 20:127-132.
  9. Jun, H.S., W.C. Park, and J.S. Jung. 2002. Effects of soil addition and subsoil plowing on the changes of soil chemical properties and the reduction of root-knot nematode in continuous cropping field of oriental melon(Cucumis melo L.). Korean J. Environ. Agric. 21:1-6. https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2002.21.1.001
  10. Kim, J.W., and J.B. Chung. 2005. Green pepper cultivation in mixture bed of soil and rice hull for alleviation of salinity problems in plastic film house. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 38:340-344.
  11. Kwon, J.K., G.B. Kweon, K.H. Kang, Y.H. Choi, N.J. Kang, J.H. Lee, H.J. Jeong, and J.M. Park. 2005. Effect of different rootstocks and double grafting on the fruit quality and withering occurrence of greenhouse watermelon. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 23:382-387.
  12. Kwon, J.K., K.H. Kang, G.B. Kweon, Y.H. Choi, N.J. Kang,J.H. Lee, and H.C. Rhee. 2006. Effect of automatic ventilation of greenhouse during daytime on the growth and wilting occurrence in watermelon. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 24:138-142.
  13. Lee, C.S., B.L. Huh, Y.S. Song, and H.K. Kwak. 1994. Revised rates of NPK fertilizers based on soil testing for vegetable crops. J. Korean. Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 27:85-91.
  14. Lee, S.G., J.S. Lee, K.Y. Kim, J.H. Chung, S.O. Yoo, and J.H. Bae. 1995. Effect of irrigation control on the quality and yield of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris S.) in high density staking cultivation under rain-shelter. RDA J. Agric. Sci. Soil Fert. 37:245-249.
  15. Mansoori, B., and N.K.H. Jaliani. 1996. Control of soilborne pathogens of watermelon by solar heating. Crop Protection. 15:423-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(95)00148-4
  16. Park, C. Y. 2004. Solution and reason of salt accumulation in green house soil. p. 108-109. The society of green house soil and environment. National Yeongnam Agricultural Institute, Milyang, Korea.
  17. Pivonia, S. 1997. Sudden wilt of melons in Southern Israel-Fungal agents and relationship with plant development. Plant Disease. 81:1264-1268. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.11.1264
  18. RDA. 1997. Countermeasure technology for injury by successive cropping in greenhouse. Rural Development Administration, Korea.
  19. RDA. 1999. The standard of fertilizer application on crop species. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Korea.
  20. RDA. 2000. Methods of analysis of soil and plant. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Rural Development Administration, Korea.
  21. Simada, N. 1979. Characteristic and Improvement of greenhouse soil. Jeonnong Agricultural Technology Center, Japan.
  22. Song, Y.S., C.S. Lee, H.K. Kwak., and Y.D. Park. 1993. Recommendation of NPK fertilizers for Chinese cabbage and spinach based on soil testing. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 26:25-30.