Biomedical Science Letters (대한의생명과학회지)

The Korean Society for Biomedical Laboratory Sciences (대한의생명과학회)
권호 표지

Modulation of Rit Activation by the Alpha Subunit of Go

  • ;
  • 길성호 (경기대학교 생명과학과)
  • Published : 2009.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins, G-proteins, mediate signal transduction generated by neurotransmitters and hormones. Among G-proteins, Go proteins are the most abundant in brain and classified as a member of Gi family. Ras-like protein in all tissues (Rit), one of the small GTPases, is a member of a Ras superfamily and identified as an important regulator of neuronal differentiation and cell transformation. Recently, we have reported that Rit functioned as a candidate downstream effector for alpha subunit of Go proteins ($Go{\alpha}$) and regulated neurite outgrowth triggered by $Go{\alpha}$ activation. In this study, we showed that the GTPase domain of $Go{\alpha}$ contributed to the direct interaction with Rit. We also demonstrated that $Go{\alpha}$ could lead to an increase of Rit activity suggesting that Rit play a role as a downstream effector of $Go{\alpha}$.

Keywords

References

  1. Beltramo M, Bernardini N, Bertorelli R, Campanella M, Nicolussi E, Fredduzzi S, Reggiani A. CB2 receptor-mediated antihyperalgesia: possible direct involvement of neural mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci. 2006. 23: 1530-1538. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04684.x
  2. Birnbaumer L. Receptor-to-effector signaling through G proteins: roles for beta gamma dimers as well as alpha subunits. Cell 1992. 71: 1069-1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(05)80056-X
  3. Bivona TG, Wiener HH, Ahearn IM, Silletti J, Chiu VK, Philips MR. Rap1 up-regulation and activation on plasma membrane regulates T cell adhesion. J Cell Biol. 2004. 164: 461-470. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200311093
  4. Coleman DE, Berghuis AM, Lee E, Linder ME, Gilman AG, Sprang SR. Structures of active conformations of Gi alpha 1 and the mechanism of GTP hydrolysis. Science 1994. 265: 1405-1412. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8073283
  5. Doherty P, Ashton SV, Moore SE, Walsh FS. Morphoregulatory activities of NCAM and N-cadherin can be accounted for by G protein-dependent activation of L- and N-type neuronal $Ca^{2+}$ channels. Cell 1991. 67: 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(91)90569-K
  6. Ferro E, Magrini D, Guazzi P, Fischer TH, Pistolesi S, Pogni R, White GC, Trabalzini L. G-protein binding features and regulation of the RalGDS family member, RGL2. Biochem J. 2008. 415: 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20080255
  7. Ghil SH, Kim BJ, Lee YD, Suh-Kim H. Neurite outgrowth induced by cyclic AMP can be modulated by the alpha subunit of Go. J Neurochem. 2000. 74: 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740151.x
  8. Ghil S, Choi JM, Kim SS, Lee YD, Liao Y, Birnbaumer L, Suh-Kim H. Compartmentalization of protein kinase A signaling by the heterotrimeric G protein Go. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006. 103: 19158-19163. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0609392103
  9. He JC, Gomes I, Nguyen T, Jayaram G, Ram PT, Devi LA, et al. The G alpha(o/i)-coupled cannabinoid receptor-mediated neurite outgrowth involves Rap regulation of Src and Stat3. J Biol Chem. 2005. 280: 33426-33434. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M502812200
  10. He JC, Neves SR, Jordan JD, Iyengar R. Role of the Go/i signaling network in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006. 84: 687-694. https://doi.org/10.1139/Y06-025
  11. Hofer F, Fields S, Schneider C, Martin GS. Activated Ras interacts with the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994. 91: 11089-11093. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.23.11089
  12. Hoshino M, Yoshimori T, Nakamura S. Small GTPase proteins Rin and Rit Bind to PAR6 GTP-dependently and regulate cell transformation. J Biol Chem. 2005. 280: 22868-22874. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M411592200
  13. Hynds DL, Spencer ML, Andres DA, Snow DM. Rit promotes MEK-independent neurite branching in human neuroblastoma cells. J Cell Sci. 2003. 116: 1925-1935. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.00401
  14. Jiang M, Gold MS, Boulay G, Spicher K, Peyton M, Brabet P, Srinivasan Y, Rudolph U, Ellison G, Birnbaumer L. Multiple neurological abnormalities in mice deficient in the G protein Go. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998. 95: 3269-3274. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.6.3269
  15. Jiang W, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Van Cleemput J, Ji SP, Bai G, Zhang X. Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis and produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. J Clin Invest. 2005. 115: 3104-3116. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI25509
  16. Jordan JD, He JC, Eungdamrong NJ, Gomes I, Ali W, Nguyen T, Bivona TG, Philips MR, Devi LA, Iyengar R. Cannabinoid receptor-induced neurite outgrowth is mediated by Rap1 activation through G(alpha)o/i-triggered proteasomal degradation of Rap1GAPII. J Biol Chem. 2005. 280: 11413-11421. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M411521200
  17. Kim SH, Kim S, Ghil SH. Rit contributes to neurite outgrowth triggered by the alpha subunit of Go. Neuroreport 2008. 19: 521-525. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282f9e473
  18. Labar G, Michaux C. Fatty acid amide hydrolase: from characterization to therapeutics. Chem Biodivers. 2007. 4: 1882-1902. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200790157
  19. Lee CH, Della NG, Chew CE, Zack DJ. Rin, a neuron-specific and calmodulin-binding small G-protein, and Rit define a novel subfamily of ras proteins. J Neurosci. 1996. 16: 6784-6794.
  20. Liu C, Walker JM. Effects of a cannabinoid agonist on spinal nociceptive neurons in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. J Neurophysiol. 2006. 96: 2984-2994. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00498.2006
  21. Luo AH, Cannon EH, Wekesa KS, Lyman RF, Vandenbergh JG, Anholt RR. Impaired olfactory behavior in mice deficient in the alpha subunit of G(o). Brain Res. 2002. 941: 62-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(02)02566-0
  22. Mende U, Zagrovic B, Cohen A, Li Y, Valenzuela D, Fishman MC, Neer EJ. Effect of deletion of the major brain G-protein alpha subunit (alpha(o)) on coordination of G-protein subunits and on adenylyl cyclase activity. J Neurosci Res. 1998. 54: 263-272. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19981015)54:2<263::AID-JNR14>3.0.CO;2-5
  23. Rusyn EV, Reynolds ER, Shao H, Grana TM, Chan TO, Andres DA, Cox AD. Rit, a non-lipid-modified Ras-related protein, transforms NIH3T3 cells without activating the ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK or PI3K/Akt pathways. Oncogene 2000. 19: 4685-4694. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1203836
  24. Sakabe K, Teramoto H, Zohar M, Behbahani B, Miyazaki H, Chikumi H, Gutkind JS. Potent transforming activity of the small GTP-binding protein Rit in NIH 3T3 cells: evidence for a role of a p38gamma-dependent signaling pathway. FEBS Lett. 2002. 511: 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03264-1
  25. Sanson M, Bueno L, Fioramonti J. Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in inflammatory hypersensitivity to colonic distension in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2006. 18: 949-956. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00819.x
  26. Sarfaraz S, Afaq F, Adhami VM, Mukhtar H. Cannabinoid receptor as a novel target for the treatment of prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2005. 65: 1635-1641. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3410
  27. Sarker KP, Obara S, Nakata M, Kitajima I, Maruyama I. Anandamide induces apoptosis of PC-12 cells: involvement of superoxide and caspase-3. FEBS Lett. 2000. 472: 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01425-3
  28. Shao H, Kadono-Okuda K, Finlin BS. Andres DA. Biochemical characterization of the Ras-related GTPases Rit and Rin. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999. 371: 207-219. https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1999.1448
  29. Spencer ML, Shao H, Andres DA. Induction of neurite extension and survival in pheochromocytoma cells by the Rit GTPase. J Biol Chem. 2002. 277: 20160-20168. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M201092200
  30. Sternweis PC, Robishaw JD. Isolation of two proteins with high affinity for guanine nucleotides from membranes of bovine brain. J Biol Chem. 1984. 259: 13806-13813.
  31. Strathmann M, Wilkie TM, Simon MI. Alternative splicing produces transcripts encoding two forms of the alpha subunit of GTP-binding protein Go. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990. 87: 6477-6481. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.17.6477
  32. Strathmann M, Simon MI. G protein diversity: a distinct class of alpha subunits is present in vertebrates and invertebrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990. 87: 9113-9117. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.23.9113
  33. Strittmatter SM, Fishman MC, Zhu XP. Activated mutants of the alpha subunit of G(o) promote an increased number of neurites per cell. J Neurosci. 1994. 14: 2327-2338.
  34. Tanaka M, Treloar H, Kalb RG, Greer CA, Strittmatter SM. G(o) protein-dependent survival of primary accessory olfactory neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999. 96: 14106-14111. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.24.14106
  35. Velasco G, Galve-Roperh I, Sanchez C, Blazquez C, Guzman M. Hypothesis: cannabinoid therapy for the treatment of gliomas- Neuropharmacology 2004. 47: 315-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.04.016
  36. Wes PD, Yu M, Montell C. RIC, a calmodulin-binding Ras-like GTPase. EMBO J. 1996. 15: 5839-5848
  37. Won JH, Ghil SH. The GTPase domain of Galphao contributes to the functional interaction of Galphao with the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2009. 14: 46-56. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11658-008-0033-6