대한지리학회지 (Journal of the Korean Geographical Society)

대한지리학회 (The Korean Geographical Society)
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마식에 의한 기반암면의 표면 변화에 대한 실험 연구

3 Dimensional Changes of Bedrock Surface with Physical Modelling of Abrasion

  • 김종연 (대통령자문 지속가능발전위원회 기획운영실)
  • Kim, Jong-Yeon (Planning and Management Office, Presidential Commission on Sustainable Development, Republic of Korea)
  • 발행 : 2007.09.30
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초록

기반암 하상의 침식현상은 지형발달의 1차적인 통제 요소이다. 그러나 기반암 침식과정에 대한 연구는 오랜 시간 동안 지체되어 왔다. 이러한 지체는 실험하도에서의 결과를 기반암 하천에 적용시키는데 있어서의 스케일링 문제 등에 기인한다. 기반암 하상에 대한 침식 통제 변수에 대한 조사의 일환으로 마식과정에 대한 물리적 실험에서의 기반암면의 변화 과정이 연구되었다. 18개의 기반암 시료들이 다양한 퇴적물 양과 퇴적물 입자 크기에 의해서 마식되었다. 3차원적인 기반암면의 변화는 고해상도 3차원 스캐너를 이용하여 기록되었다. 기반암 시료의 표면 변화를 파악하기 위하여 다양한 방식을 사용하였으나, 거칠기의 변화와 기반암면의 전반적인 변화를 단일한 방식으로 나타낼 수 있는 방식은 파악되지 않았다. 음영기복도와 기복도에 의하면 마식은 횡단면 곡선상의 중심부와 종단면 곡선상의 상부와 하부 말단에서 시작되어 성장하는 것이 일반적인 경향으로 나타났다. 표면의 전반적인 형상에 있어서는 앞서 지적한 마식의 공간적 분포의 영향으로 종단면에 있어서는 평탄화가 나타났다. 횡단면의 경우 기울기가 증가하는 것이 우세하였다. 표면의 거칠기 정도는 일반적인 경향을 발견하기 어려웠으며, 일반적으로 추정되어진 마식에 따른 거칠기 감소가 나타나지는 않았으며, 암석에 따라서 서로 다른 결과가 나타났다. 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 이용한 분석에 의하면 기반암의 일반적인 특성보다는 조암 광물의 미세구조(microstructure)가 마식의 공간적인 유형과 거칠기 변화에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

Incision into bedrock channel is the primary control of landform evolution, but research into bedrock incision process stagnated for long time. Due to the scaling problem of the application of results from flume studies to bedrock channel, there is a strong need to simulate the bedrock incision process with more realistic models. As a part of investigation into controls of bedrock channel incision, three-dimensional changes of rock surface with abrasion was investigated with physical modelling. 18 rock plates were abraded with various sediment particle size and sediment load and abraded surfaces of the plates were scanned with high resolution 3-D scanner. To identify the spatial pattern of erosion of the rock plates, various methods were used. There was no synthetic or holistic method that showed all features of bedrock plate produced by abrasion, so each plate was analyzed using some available methods. Contour maps, shaded relief maps and profiles show that abrasion concentrated on the centre of plate (cross profile) and upstream and downstream edges (longitudinal profile) and eroded area extended inwards. It also found that the cracks and boundaries of forming materials easily eroded than other parts. Changing patterns of surface roughness were investigated with profiles, regression analysis and spectral analysis. Majority of plates showed decrease in small-scale roughness, but it depends on microstructures of the plates rather than general hardness or other factors. SEM inspection results supported this idea.

키워드

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