References
- Albert, K. G., & Zimmet, P. Z. (1998). Definition, diagnosis, and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complication. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of WHO consultation. Diabet Med, 15, 539-553 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S
- Balkau, B., & Charles, M. A. (1999). Comment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabet Med, 16, 442-443 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00059.x
- Ford, E. S., Giles, W. H., & Dietz, W. H. (2002). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: Findings from the third national health and nutrition examination survey. J Am Med Assoc, 287, 356-359 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.3.356
- Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Merz, C. N., Brewer, H. B. Jr., Clark, L. T., Hunninghake, D. B., Pasternak, R. C., Smith, S. C. Jr., & Stone, N. J.; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association. (2004). Implication of recent clinical trials for the national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel III guideline. Circulation, 110, 227-239 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000133317.49796.0E
- Kim, E. S., Han, S. M., Kim, Y. I., Song, K. H., Kim, M. S., Kim, W. B., Park, J. Y., & Lee, K. U. (2004). Prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome in a rural population of South Korea. Diabet Med, 21, 1141-1143 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01398.x
- Kim, H. S. (2003). Effects of behavioral modification of obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat, serum lipids in obese school children. J Korean Acad Nur, 33(3), 405-413 https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2003.33.3.405
- Kim, Y., Suh, Y. K., & Choi, H. (2004). BMI and metabolic disorders in South Korean adults: 1998 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. Obes Res, 12(3), 442-453 https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.49
- National Cholesterol Education Program. (2002). Third report of the expert panel of detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adults Treatment Panel III). NIH Pub. No. 02-5215. Bethesda, MD: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Institutes of Health: third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). (2001). Executive summary. Bethesda, Md: National Institute of Health, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, (NIH Publication no. 01-3670)
- Yoon, S. Y., Oh, S. W., Baik, H. W., Park, H. S., & Kim, W. Y. (2004). Alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 217-224 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/80.1.217
- Athyros, V. G., Mikhailidis, D. P., Papageorgiou, A. A., Didangelos, T. P., Peletidou, A., Kleta, D., Karagiannis, A., Kakafika, A. I., Tziomalos, K., & Elisaf, M. (2005). Targeting vascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome but without diabetes. Metabolism, 54, 1065-1074 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2005.03.010
- Azadbakht, L., Mirmiran, P., Esmaillzadeh, A., Azizi, T., & Azizi, F. (2005). Beneficial effects of a dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating plan on features of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care, 28, 2823-2831 https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.28.12.2823
- Geluk, C. A., Asselbergs, F. W., Hillege, H. L., Bakker, S. J., de Jong, P. E., Zijlstra, F., & van Gilst, W. H. (2005). Impact of statinsin microalbuminuric subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a sub study of the PREVEND Intervention Trial. Eur Heart J, 26, 1314-1320 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi253
- Hittel, D. S., Kraus, W. E., Tanner, C. J., Houmard, J. A., & Hoffman, E. P. (2005). Exercise training increases electron and substrate shuttling proteins in muscle of overweight men and women with the metabolic syndrome. J Appl Physiol, 98, 168-179 https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00331.2004
- Kukkonen-Harjula, K. T., Borg, P. T., Nenonen, A. M., & Fogelholm, M. G. (2005). Effects of a weight maintenance program with or without exercise on the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial in obese men. Prev Med, 41, 784-790 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.07.008
- Laaksonen, D. E., Nuutinen, J., Lahtinen, T., Rissanen, A., & Niskanen, L. K. (2003). Changes in abdominal subcutaneous fat water content with rapid weight loss and long-term weight maintenance in abdominally obese men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, 677-683 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802296
- Nashar, K., Nguyen, J. P., Jesri, A., Morrow, J. D., & Egan, B. M. (2004). Angiotensin receptor blockade improves arterial distensibility and reduces exercise-induced pressor responses in obese hypertensive patients with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Hypertens, 17, 477-482 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.02.015
- Noakes, M., Foster, P. R., Keogh, J. B., & Clifton, P. M. (2004). Meal replacements are as effective as structured weight-loss diets for treating obesity in adults with features of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr, 134, 1894-1899
- Park, H. S., Sim, S. J., & Park, J. Y. (2004). Effect of weight reduction on metabolic syndrome in Korean obese patients. J Korean Med Sci, 19, 202-208 https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2004.19.2.202
- Poppitt, S. D., Keogh, G. F., Prentice, A. M., Williams, D. E., Sonnemans, H. M., Valk, E. E., Robinson, E., & Wareham, N. J. (2002). Long-term effects of ad libitum low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets on body weight and serum lipids in overweight subjects with metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr, 75, 11-20 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.1.11
- Reseland, J. E., Anderssen, S. A., Solvoll, K., Hjermann, I., Urdal, P., Holme, I., & Drevon, C. A. (2001). Effect of long-term changes in diet and exercise on plasma leptin concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr, 73, 240-245 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/73.2.240
- Stern, L., Iqbal, N., Seshadri, P., Chicano, K. L., Daily, D. A., McGrory, J., Williams, M., Gracely, E. J., & Samaha, F. F. (2004). The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 140, 778-785 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00007
- Stewart, K. J., Bacher, A. C., Turner, K., Lim, J. G., Hees, P. S., Shapiro, E. P., Tayback, M., & Ouyang, P. (2005). Exercise and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults. Am J Prev Med, 28, 9-18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.006
- Troseid, M., Lappegard, K. T., Claudi, T., Damas, J. K., Morkrid, L., Brendberg, R., & Mollnes, T. E. (2004). Exercise reduces plasma levels of the chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8 in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Eur Heart J, 25, 349-355 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2003.12.006
- Troseid, M., Lappegard, K. T., Mollnes, T. E., Arnesen, R., & Seljeflot, I. (2005). Changes in serum levels of E-selectin correlate to improved glycaemic control and reduced obesity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 65, 283-290 https://doi.org/10.1080/00365510510013811
- Wien, M. A., Sabate, J. M., Ikle, D. N., Cole, S. E., & Kandeel, F. R. (2003). Almonds vs complex carbohydrates in a weight reduction program. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, 1365-1372 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802411