Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Application of the QUAL2E Model and Risk Assessment for Water Quality Management in Namyang Stream in Hwaong Polder

화옹유역 남양천의 수질관리를 위한 QUAL2E적용과 위해성 평가

  • Published : 2006.03.31
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Abstract

The Namyang Stream in Hwaong polder was planned for several water uses including recreation, where people can contact the water and consume some amount during the recreational activity. A human health risk was assessed from exposure to E. coli in the Namyang Stream, which receives partially treated wastewater from watershed. The QUAL2E model was applied to simulate stream water quality, and this model was calibrated and verified with field monitoring data. The calibration result showed a high correlation coefficient of greater than 0.9. The mean concentration of E. coli in the Namyang Stream from the QUAL2E output was in the range of 5,000 ${\sim}$ 8,000 MPN 100 mL^{-1}$, which exceeded national and international guidelines. The Beta-Poisson was used to estimate the microbial risk of pathogens ingestion and the Monte-Carlo analysis (10,000 trials) was used to estimate the risk characterization of uncertainty. The Microbial risk assessment showed that the risk ranged from 7.9 ${\times}\;10^{-6}\;to\;9.4\;{\times}10^{-6}$. Based on USEPA guidelines, the range of $10^{-6}\;to\;10^{-8}$ was considered reasonable levels of risk for communicable disease transmission from environmental exposure, and the risk above $10^{-4}$ was considered to be in the danger of infection. Therefore, water quality of the Namyang Stream might not be in the danger of infection although it exceeded national and international guidelines. However, it was in the range of communicable disease transmission, and thorough wastewater collection and treatment at the source is recommended to secure safe recreation water quality.

화옹유역 체절에 따라 조성되는 담수호와 유입하천에서의 레저활동이 안전하게 이루어지기 위해서는 인체건강에 안전한 수질의 확보가 우선되어야 한다. 이 지역의 수질안전을 평가하기 위해서 남양천 소유역에 대해 현장자료를 이용하여 QUAL2E 모형을 적용하여 모의하였고 유량, $BOD_5$,$\;NH_3$-N, T-N, T-P 및 E. coli에 대한 검 ${\cdot}$보정을 실시하였다. 검 ${\cdot}$보정 결과에 의하면 모의값이 실측값을 잘 반영하였으며 모형의 검증을 위해 신뢰도를 분석한 결과 r값이 0.90 이상으로 높게 나타났다. 모의결과에 의하면 현재의 조건에서는 남양천 구간의 지표미생물 E. coli의 농도가 국내 및 국제 휴양용수기준을 모두 초과할 것으로 예측되었다. Beta-Poisson 모형에 의해서 예측한 결과값을 활용하여 위해도 값을 산정하였고, 인자들 간의 불확실성을 고려하여 Monte-Carlo simulation을 적용한 후 95% 신뢰구간의 위해도를 평가하였다. 위해도 평가 결과는 남양천 구간에서 7.9 ${\times}\;10^{-6}\;{\sim}\;9.4\;{\times}10^{-6}$으로 장내질병을 유발가능한 수준인 $10^{-4}$보다 낮은 수준이었다. 그러나, 담수호와 직접 연결되어 낚시나 수영과 같은 레저활동을 하기에 수량이 풍부한 조건을 갖추고 있는 R4지점 등의 경우에는 위해도 범위가 질병 이동이 가능한 수준인 $10^{-6}\;{\sim}\;10^{-8}$의 수준을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과에 의하면, 현재 상태에서는 남양천 구간의 하천용수를 휴양용수로 사용하는 데에 직접적인 위해성은 낮으나, 질병 이동의 가능성이 있는 범위이다. 따라서 인체에 안전한 휴양용수 수질 확보를 위해서는 유역의 오염발생원에서 오폐수처리를 통해 하천 수질이 휴양용수로서 사용하는 데에 적합하도록 충분한 차집시설과 환경 기초시설의 설치 운영이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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