• BMB Reports
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2012

We have found that the previously uncharacterized bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) is one of the most osteogenic factors. However, it is unclear if BMP9 cross-talks with $TGF{\beta}1$ during osteogenic differentiation. Using the recombinant BMP9 adenovirus, we find that low concentration of rh$TGF{\beta}1$ synergistically induces alkaline phosphatase activity in BMP9-transduced C3H10T1/2 cells and produces more pronounced matrix mineralization. However, higher concentrations of $TGF{\beta}1$ inhibit BMP9-induced osteogenic activity. Real-time PCR and Western blotting indicate that BMP9 in combination with low dose of $TGF{\beta}1$ potentiates the expression of later osteogenic markers osteopontin, osteocalcin and collagen type 1 (COL1a2), while higher concentrations of $TGF{\beta}1$ decrease the expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin but not COL1a2. Cell cycle analysis reveals that $TGF{\beta}1$ inhibits C3H10T1/2 proliferation in BMP9-induced osteogenesis and restricts the cells in $G_0/G_1$ phase. Our findings strongly suggest that $TGF{\beta}1$ may exert a biphasic effect on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2007

There were many different families of zinc finger proteins that contained multiple cysteine and/or histidine residues and used zinc to stabilize their folds. The classical C2H2 zinc finger proteins were the founding members of this superfamily and were among the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic genomes. C2H2 proteins typically contained several C2H2 fingers that made tandem contacts along the DNA. Here we reported a novel C2H2 type zinc finger gene, ZNF438, which encoded 828 amino acids that formed five zinc finger domains. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the ZNF438 was mapped to human chromosome 10p11.2 and shared 62% identity with rat and mouse homologues. RT-PCR analysis indicated that it was ubiquitously expressed in 18 human adult tissues. With immunofluorescence assay, it was shown that the exogenous Flag-tagged ZNF438 was located in nucleus of COS-7 cells. To further explore the function of ZNF438, we examined the transcriptional activity of ZNF438 protein by transfecting recombinant pM-ZNF438 into mammalian cells. The subsequent analysis based on the duel luciferase assay system showed that ZNF438 was a transcriptional repressor.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2013

태양열 온수급탕 시스템에서는 태양열 에너지가 집열판에서 획득되고 열매체로 전달되어 최종적으로 온수의 형태로 축열조에 저장된다. 본 연구에서는 상부 코일히터를 갖춘 나선재킷형 축열조의 축열성능 특성을 정확하게 해석할 수 있는 전산유체역학 모델을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 고려한 축열조는 벽면에 열매체의 나선유로가 형성된 맨틀형 축열조의 일종으로 시스템 설계 단순화, 저유량 운전, 성층화 촉진 등의 장점을 지닌다. 또한 축열조 내부에 추가적인 코일히터가 장착되어 축열성능과 성층화의 추가적인 향상을 도모할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 해석모델의 검증은 실제 태양열 온수급탕 시스템의 실증실험 결과와 비교를 통하여 수행되었으며, 온수의 온도변화, 열매체의 온도변화, 성층화 온도분포의 측면에서 잘 일치하는 결과를 얻었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2013

Objectives: This study estimated the association of cardiovascular health behaviors with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in middle-aged men in Korea. Methods: In total, 12 538 men aged 40 to 59 years were enrolled in 1993 and followed up through 2011. Cardiovascular health metrics defined the following lifestyle behaviors proposed by the American Heart Association: smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet habit score, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. The cardiovascular health metrics score was calculated as a single categorical variable, by assigning 1 point to each ideal healthy behavior. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of cardiovascular health behavior. Population attributable risks (PARs) were calculated from the significant cardiovascular health metrics. Results: There were 1054 total and 171 CVD deaths over 230 690 person-years of follow-up. The prevalence of meeting all 7 cardiovascular health metrics was 0.67%. Current smoking, elevated blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose were significantly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. The adjusted PARs for the 3 significant metrics combined were 35.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.7 to 47.4) and 52.8% (95% CI, 22.0 to 74.0) for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios of the groups with a 6-7 vs. 0-2 cardiovascular health metrics score were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.59) for all-cause mortality and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.29) for CVD mortality. Conclusions: Among cardiovascular health behaviors, not smoking, normal blood pressure, and recommended fasting blood glucose levels were associated with reduced risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Meeting a greater number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1232-1236
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• 2004

In the Far-Eastern traditional medicine, Oi[Energy] implies a wide range of meaning and is emphasized. There is nothing that is not related to this Qi, as seen in physiology, pathology, the relationship between human body and nature, the movements of intestines and gyeongnak[energy networks], the process of outbreak and change of illness, remedial laws, the features and effects of drugs, and so on. Accordingly, Nei Jing also says, 'every sickness arises from OL' The Qi has multi-meanings, and each of lots Of past physicians researched and analyzed it in different perspective, thus making the Qi-theories much richer. Still. there were not so many physicians who discussed the theme of Daqi. The denomination of Daqi is seen in Nei Jing and Jin Gui Yao Lue, and the physicians like Yu Chang in Ming dynasty and Zhang Xi Chun in Cheng dynasty, etc. applied and utilized Daqi by exploring its functional actions for human life and associating it with clinical practices. Yu Chang said that Daqi is Xiong Zong Yangqi[Positive Energy in Breast] governing every Qi, and that if this Qi is full, it spreads through body and protects the body from sickness, and vice versa. Summarizing his researches on the Daqi in Jin Gui Yao Lue and on the opinions of Yu Chang as well as his experiences, Chang Xi Chun maintained that the Qi accumulated in breast must be named Daqi, which constitutes the contents of Zongqi[Chief Energy] mentioned in Nei Jing. Once the Qi is vacant, breathing is not smooth, whole body is enervated, spirit becomes dim, thinking ability falls drastically. Furthermore, if the Qi is extremely vacant or more worsens, breathing stops. And he prescribed the medicines including Sheng Xian Tang as remedies against the symptom of Daqi XiaXian[Fall in Great Energy]. The recognitions of Daqi by Yu Chang and Zhang Xi Chun are consistent with each other. At any rate, their theories and prescriptions may be high in practical value in contemporary clinics.

• 식물병연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2004

한 중 벼 도열병균의 특성 검정과 저항성원의 공동 평가를 통하여 병원균의 특성을 구명하고 주요 저항성원에 대한 정보와 한국 도열병균의 분화 현상이 중국으로부터 유래하였는지를 분석하였다. 각국의 대표균주 각각 100균주씩을 한국, 중국 판별품종 및 단인자 저항성 품종에 접종한 결과, 한국 병원균은 중국 단인자 저항성 품종에서 29개의 반응형을 보였으며, 한국균주 46%가 중국 NIL(LTH/일본품종 저항성 유전자)을 모두 침해하여, 우리나라 벼 육종 시 저항성원으로 적합지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한국판별품종에 대한 중국균주의 반응결과, KJ-201, KJ-301, KJ-403, KJ-105, KJ-101 레이스가 각각 11%, 10%, 9% , 8%, 7%의 비율로 나타났다. 그러나 RFLP-MGR586 profile은 한국 균주가 중국균주보다 band 수와 양상이 다양하여 변이가 심한 것으로 나타났으며, IRRI에서 육성한 11개의 단인자 저항성 품종에 대하여 한-중균주의 유전자 침해비율은 대체로 비슷한 경향이었다. Pi-z, Pi-3, Pi-5(t)는 한국 균주가 각각 56.6%, 58.1%, 45.4%침해하는 반면, 중국 균주는 각각 85.2%, 75.9%, 75.9%를 침해하여 중국 균주의 침해 비율이 높았고 Pi-b 유전자의 경우, 한국 균주의 82.6%가 침해하는 반면 중국 균주는 59.3%가 침해하여 한국 균주의 침해 비율이 높았다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.443-459
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• 2013

자바 섭입대 위에 존재하는 인도네시아 메라피 화산은 1~5년의 주기를 가지는 화산활동이 활발한 성층화산이다. 대체적으로 화산폭발지수가 1-3정도의 규모로 나타나는데 비해 최근 2010년 분화는 화산폭발지수가 4까지 올라가 386명을 사망자를 유발했다. 본 연구에서는 40년간 지구를 관측해온 Landsat 영상을 이용하여 18년 동안 메라피 화산의 지표변화를 관측하였다. 연구를 위해 1994년 7월 6일부터 2012년 9월 1일까지 총 55장의 Landsat-5,7 영상을 수집하였으며, 밴드조합영상을 통해 화산쇄설류의 흐름이 시간에 따라 이동함을 확인하였다. 화산쇄설류가 덮고 있는 지역을 추출하기 위해서, COST model을 이용한 대기보정 후 감독분류를 수행하였으며, 그 결과 CVP 보고서에 기재된 화산쇄설류의 분화 방향과 추출된 화산쇄설류 영역의 변화가 거의 일치했다. NASA에서 제공하는 Landsat-5,7 위성의 열적외선 밴드를 이용한 온도 추출 기법을 적용하여 분화구 지역의 평균 지표온도를 산출한 결과, 분화 전 지표 온도가 급격히 상승하고, 분화 후 온도가 하강하는 양상을 반복적으로 나타냈다. 비록 기상조건에 따른 영상획득에 제약이 있지만, 장기간 발생된 메라피 화산의 지표변화를 확인하는데 있어서 Landsat 위성 영상이 매우 유용한 도구임을 확인했다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2008

This study was carried out to determine the therapeutic effect of injection-acupuncture (AP) with bee-venom (apitoxin) in cases of canine otitis externa (COE). Fifteen dogs with naturally-acquired otitis externa were used in this study. The dogs were divided into the following antibiotics group (control group), apitoxin group (experimental group A) and apitoxin combined with antibiotics group (experimental group B). All groups were treated by ear cleaning with normal saline once on day 1. The control group was treated with susceptible antibiotics, and experimental group A was given injection-AP with apitoxin $(100{\mu}g/head)$ at TH17 (Yi Feng), SI19 (Ting Gong), GB03 (Shang Guan) and TH03 (Zhong Zhu) bilaterally. Experimental group B was treated with susceptible antibiotics and injection-AP with apitoxin at the same acupoints as experimental group A. All the groups were treated 3 times/week for 2 weeks. The identity of the causative agents, the changes in the clinical signs, otoscopic findings, bacterial count in the auricular discharges, and total WBC counts and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio in the peripheral blood were investigated in all groups. In bacterial isolation, Staphylococcus spp. combined with Streptococcus spp. was detected higher than other agents. The bacterial cell count in experimental group A was significantly decreased at 2 weeks (p<0.01), and those in experimental group B was significantly decreased at 1 week (p<0.01) and 2 weeks (p<0.01) compared by those of control group, respectively. The changes of clinical score in experimental group B were significantly decreased at 2 weeks (p<0.01) compared by those of control group, but, those of experimental group A was similar to those of control group. The changes of total WBC counts and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio were no significant difference found. In conclusion, injection-AP with apitoxin is an effective treatment for COE and might be an alternative method for treating COE.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1405-1411
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• 2010

Calpastatin (CAST), an endogenous inhibitor of the calpains, plays an important role in post-mortem tenderization of meat. The objectives of this study were to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine CAST gene and association with carcass and meat quality traits. A total of 212 cattle from commercial herds were tested in this study including 2 pure introduced breeds, 4 cross populations, and 3 pure Chinese native breeds. Five SNPs were identified at position 2959 (A/G), 2870 (G/A), 3088 (C/T), 3029 (G/A) and 2857 (C/T) in the CAST gene (GenBank Accession No. AF159246). Allele frequencies of SNP2959 and SNP2870 were 0.701 (A) and 0.462 (A), respectively. A general linear model was used to evaluate the associations between the two markers and 7 traits. The results showed that both SNP2959 and SNP2870 were significantly (p<0.01) associated with the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), while they had no significant association with the other 6 traits in the whole population. However, in Chinese native pure breeds, only SNP2870 had significant association with WBSF (p<0.05). The simultaneous analysis of two-marker genotype effects indicated animals containing the A/G haplotype (A for SNP2959 and G for SNP2870) tended to have lower shear force than those containing the G/A haplotype, and, especially, animals homozygous for the A/G haplotype had approximately 2 kg lower shear force than those homozygous for the G/A haplotype (p<0.01). These results suggested that both markers may be effective for the marker-assisted selection of meat quality traits in Chinese commercial herds, especially SNP2870 which can be used for Chinese native cattle.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.194-206
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• 2004

Objectives : JiaoTeng-Yuan(교등원) is said to be a prescription for preservation of health in $\ulcorner$HuaTuo.ZhongZangJing (화타.중장경)$\lrcorner$. It is known to have the effect of Bu-Shen (보신: strengthening kidney) and Yi-Shou (익수: prolonging the span of one's life). This study investigates whether JTY is effective on inhibition of oxidation stress. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats (12-week-old, weight $300{\pm}20g$) were divided into 3 groups. The normal group (n=8) was injected with PBS (1ml/body, s.c) subcutaneously behind the neck. The control group (n=8) was injected with D-galactose (50mg/kg, 1ml PBS/body, s.c) to induce pathological animals. The JTY group was injected with the same treatment as the control group, and fed containing JTY (10%). All groups were treated 1 time per day for 6 weeks. After the rats were sacrificed anti-oxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, G-px) activity, GSH quantity of RBC and tissue (heart, liver and kidney), and plasma Vit-C quantity were examined. Also, the MDA levels of liver and kidney, lipofuscin of heart and endurance of erythrocyte membrane were measured. Results : In the JTY group, RBC's SOD activity decline was halted by 21 % of the normal level, compared to the control group, G-px activity (unit/g of Hb) increased significantly, compared to the normal group, and the level of Vit-C in plasma increased by 16%. Heart's SOD activity was kept at the same level as that of the normal group; and CAT activity decline was halted by 26%. Kidney's CAT and G-px activities were kept at the same level as that shown in the normal group, implying the existence of a halting effect. Liver also showed a slight halting effect against the decline of anti-oxidant ability, but the effect was not significant (${\alpha}=0.05$). A comparison between the levels of peroxide in SD rats showed that the level of TBARS in plasma increased significantly in the control group and that it was normal in the JTY group. The livers in the JTY group, compared to those in the control group, showed 36% halting effect of the normal level while their kidney's indicated the level significantly lower than the normal level. Heart's lipofuscin increased significantly in the control group, but was alike in both the JTY and the normal groups. Endurance of erythrocyte membrane (%) decreased significantly in the control group while it was kept at the similar level in both the JTY and the normal groups, indicating the halting effect. Conclusions : This study suggests that JTY is effective to defend oxidation stress caused by D-galactose in the animals. It showed that the anti-oxidant ability was maintained and strengthened. On the other hand, it reduced the level of peroxide in animals. In sum, JTY appeared to have the equilibrium normal physiological function in SD rat.