• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.214-228
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• 2022

The yield criterion, or called yield function, plays an important role in the study of plastic working of a sheet because it governs the plastic deformation properties of the sheet during plastic forming process. In this paper, we propose a novel anisotropic yield function useful for describing the plastic behavior of various anisotropic sheets. The proposed yield function includes the anisotropic version of the second stress invariant J₂ and the third stress invariant J₃. The anisotropic yield function newly proposed in this study is as follows. F(J₂)+ αG(J₃)+ βH (J₂ × J₃) = k^m The proposed yield function well explains the anisotropic plastic behavior of various sheets by introducing the parameters α and β, and also exhibits both symmetrical and asymmetrical yield surfaces. The parameters included in the proposed model are determined through an optimization algorithm from uniaxial and biaxial experimental data under proportional loading path. In this study, the validity of the proposed anisotropic yield function was verified by comparing the yield surface shape, normalized uniaxial yield stress value, and Lankford's anisotropic coefficient R-value derived with the experimental results. Application for the proposed anisotropic yield function to aluminum sheet shows symmetrical yielding behavior and to pure titanium sheet shows asymmetric yielding behavior, it was shown that the yield curve and yield behavior of various types of sheet materials can be predicted reasonably by using the proposed new yield anisotropic function.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.595-600
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• 2011

This paper investigates the effect of strain rate on the anisotropic deformation behavior of advanced high strength steel sheets. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on TRIP590 and DP780 steel sheets at strain rates ranging from 0.001/sec to 100/sec to determine yield stresses and r-values at various loading angles from the reference rolling direction. R-values were determined by the digital image correlation technique. Hill48 and Yld2000-2d yield functions were tested for their capability to describe the plastic deformation anisotropy of the materials. Initial yield loci were constructed using the Yld2000-2d yield function, which adequately described the anisotropic behavior of the materials. The shape of the initial yield loci was found to change with different strain rate, and the anisotropic behavior decreased with increasing strain rate.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.351-364
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• 2022

The yield criterion, or called yield function, plays an important role in the study of plastic working of a sheet because it governs the plastic deformation properties of the sheet during plastic forming process. In this paper, we propose a modified version of previous anisotropic yield function (Trans. Mater. Process., 31(4) 2022, pp. 214-228) based on J2 and J3 stress invariants. The proposed anisotropic yield model has the 6th-order of stress components. The modified version of the anisotropic yield function in this study is as follows. f(J₂⁰,J₃⁰) ≡ (J₂⁰)³ + α(J₃⁰)² + β(J₂⁰)^3/2 × (J₃⁰) = k⁶ The proposed anisotropic yield function well explains the anisotropic plastic behavior of various sheets such as aluminum, high strength steel, magnesium alloy sheets etc. by introducing the parameters α and β, and also exhibits both symmetrical and asymmetrical yield surfaces. The parameters included in the proposed model are determined through an optimization algorithm from uniaxial and biaxial experimental data under proportional loading path. In this study, the validity of the proposed anisotropic yield function was verified by comparing the yield surface shape, normalized uniaxial yield stress value, and Lankford's anisotropic coefficient R-value derived with the experimental results. Application for the proposed anisotropic yield function to AA6016-T4 aluminum and DP980 sheets shows symmetrical yielding behavior and to AZ31B magnesium shows asymmetric yielding behavior, it was shown that the yield locus and yielding behavior of various types of sheet materials can be predicted reasonably by using the proposed anisotropic yield function.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.79-88
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• 1990

Welded joint often contains soft or softened regions such as the HAZ of TMCP steel welded with high heat input. In this study, the equivalent yield strength of plate structure containing softened region was predicted by FEM analysis, and its incremental behavior was explained with the results of the analysis. The calculated results of yield strength indicated the following for the plate structures. 1) As the softened region starts to yield, shear stress begins to build up along the boundary between base metal and softened region. This results in multi-axial stress condition which gives restraint on the softened region. 2) Restraint effect has a significant influence on the distribution of the shear stress, the nominal stress, and the strain. 3) The yielding behavior of softened region becomes the same as that of base metal when both ratios of length to width and thickness to width of softened region are larger than 30 and 13 respectively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.137-148
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• 2007

Using a strain-controlled rheometer [Rheometrics Dynamic Analyzer (RDA II)], the steady shear flow properties of a semi-solid ointment base (vaseline) have been measured over a wide range of shear rates at temperature range of $25{\sim}60^{\circ}C$. In this article, the steady shear flow properties (shear stress, steady shear viscosity and yield stress) were reported from the experimentally obtained data and the effects of shear rate as well as temperature on these properties were discussed in detail. In addition, several inelastic-viscoplastic flow models including a yield stress parameter were employed to make a quantitative evaluation of the steady shear flow behavior, and then the applicability of these models was examined by calculating the various material parameters (yield stress, consistency index and flow behavior index). Main findings obtained from this study can be summarized as follows : (1) At temperature range lower than $40^{\circ}C$, vaseline is regarded as a viscoplastic material having a finite magnitude of yield stress and its flow behavior beyond a yield stress shows a shear-thinning (or pseudo-plastic) feature, indicating a decrease in steady shear viscosity as an increase in shear rate. At this temperature range, the flow curve of vaseline has two inflection points and the first inflection point occurring at relatively lower shear rate corresponds to a static yield stress. The static yield stress of vaseline is decreased with increasing temperature and takes place at a lower shear rate, due to a progressive breakdown of three dimensional network structure. (2) At temperature range higher than $45^{\circ}C$, vaseline becomes a viscous liquid with no yield stress and its flow character exhibits a Newtonian behavior, demonstrating a constant steady shear viscosity regardless of an increase in shear rate. With increasing temperature, vaseline begins to show a Newtonian behavior at a lower shear rate range, indicating that the microcrystalline structure is completely destroyed due to a synergic effect of high temperature and shear deformation. (3) Over a whole range of temperatures tested, the Herschel-Bulkley, Mizrahi-Berk, and Heinz-Casson models are all applicable and have an almostly equivalent ability to quantitatively describe the steady shear flow behavior of vaseline, whereas the Bingham, Casson,and Vocadlo models do not give a good ability.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

The compression behavior of semi-solid materials is studied from a viewpoint of yield criteria and analysis methods. To describe the behavior of materials in semi-solid state, several theories have been proposed by extending the concept of plasticity of porous compressible materials. In the present work, the upper-bound method and the finite element method are used to model the simple compression process using yield criteria of Kuhn and Doraivelu. Segregation between solid and liquid which cause defect of product is analysed for Sn-15%Pb and A356 alloys during deformation in semi-solid state. The comparison of analyses is made according to yield criteria and analysis methods. In addition, the analysis result for semi-solid dendritic Sn-15%Pb alloy is compared with the experimental result of Charreyron et al..

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2006

The application of cellular materials in load-carrying and security-relevant structures requires the exact prediction of their mechanical behavior, which necessitates the development of robust simulation models and techniques based on appropriate experimental procedures. The determination of the yield surface requires experiments under multi-axial stress states because the yield behavior is sensitive to the hydrostatic stress and simple uniaxial tests aim only to determine one single point of the yield surface. Therefore, an experimental technique based on a uniaxial strain test for the description of the influence of the hydrostatic stress on the yield condition in the elastic-plastic transition zone at small strains is proposed and numerically investigated. Furthermore, this experimental technique enables the determination of a second elastic constant, e.g., Poisson's ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.72-82
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• 2000

Attempts were made to analyze the behavior of single and multiple-bolted connections through theoretical methods such as European yield theory, empirical approaching method, and semi-rigid theory instead of many experimental methods that have been actually inefficient and non-economical. In the case of a single-bolted connection, if accurate characteristic values of a material could be guaranteed, it would be more convenient and economical to perform the behavior analysis using a model based on the semi-rigid theory, instead of the existing complex yield model, or the empirical formula which produces errors, giving different results from the actual ones. If the variables of equation determining the load and deformation could be appropriately controlled, the analytical method in conjunction with a semi-rigid theory could be effectively applied to obtain the desirably predicted value, considering that the appropriate solution could be derived through a simpler equation using a less difficult method compared to the existing yield model. It is concluded that analytical method with semi-rigid theory can be used in the behavior analysis of bolted connection because our developed method showed excellent analysis ability of behavior until number of bolt is two. Although our analytical method has the disadvantage that the number of bolt is limited to two, it is concluded that it has the advantage than numerical method which complicated and time-consuming.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.393-398
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• 2000

Densification behavior of mixed copper and tool steel powder under cold compaction was investigated. By mixing the yield functions originally proposed by Fleck-Gurson for pure powder, a new mixed yield functions In terms of volume fractions and contact numbers of Cu powder were employed in the constitutive models. The constitutive equations were implemented into a finite element program (ABAQUS) to compare with experimental data. and with calculated results from the model of Kim et at. for densification of mixed powder under cold isostatic pressing and cold die compaction. Finite element calculations by using the yield functions mixed by contact numbers of Cu powder agreed better with experimental data than those by volume fractions of Cu powder.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.89-95
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• 1999

The compression behavior of semi-solid materials in studied from a viewpoint of yield criteria and analysis methods. To describe the behavior of materials in semi-solid state, several theories have been proposed by extending the concept of plasticity of porous compressible materials. in the present work, the upper-bound method and the finite element method are used to model the simple compression process using yield criteria of Kuhn and Doraivelu. Segregation between solid and liquid which cause defect of product is analysed for Sn-15%Pb alloy is compared with the experimental result of Charreyron et al..