• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.406-409
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• 2003

We found seventeen dairy cattle with the abnormal signs in cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems after feeding of the yew foilage. Among them three cattle were dead due to yew poisoning. Among the remaining fourteen dairy cattle, four cattle showed similar symptoms as did dead cattle. Although the remaining ten dairy cattle did not show any abnormal signs, we conducted a therapy of forced magnesium sulfate infusion because the yew consumption might have been occurred in all cattle. As a result of the therapy, we could not found further signs of yew poisoning. The performance of the therapy and the treatment procedures adapted by the therapy could be concluded as follows: The cardioselective toxicity and inhibition of peristaltic activity by the taxine in yew foilage might be involved in the symptoms of acute poisoning as anorexia, dullness, muscle tremor, dyspnea, and sudden death. We also performed the dose response relationship of taxine to the range of clinical symptoms and examined recovery performances. Through the autopsy of the cattle, we could confirm the presence of yew foilages that might have caused the poisoning in the gastrointestinal tract. However, we could not identify further abnormalities in other organs. In this case report, we demonstrated that practice of the forced magnesium sulfate infusion in yew poisoning was helpful for the attenuating the taxine poisoning by blocking the further proceeding of the toxic effect.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 1990

Yew cortex, twigs and leaves(Florida yew, Taxus floridana Nutt et Champ; Pacific, yew Taxus brevifolia Nutt(Taxaceae)) were extracted with MeOH and $CHCI_3$, respectively, and then the chloroform extract was fractionated by silica column chromatography. As biologically active substances, taxol derivatives were identified and several biological activity tests were followed. The results showed that it bad no antimosquito activity and inhibited the growth of root meristem of cress seeds. The chloroform ext. of Florida yew showed 91%, inhibition rate at 400 ppm and the taxol fractions of Pacific yew did 91% at 200 ppm, 94% at 100 ppm. In the antitumor activity tests in vitro against a cultured cell line of L1210 mouse leukemia, Pacific yew showed 99% inhibition rate at 1.0 ppm and Florida yew did 97% at 10 ppm.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.672-685
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• 2003

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb.) chose that grow as medicine, food, decorative plant in Korea's Kyong-Gi province surroundings. Extracts of yew extracted leaf of 250 g and stems of 300 g with 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG), propylene glycol (PG) and water. As results, external appearance of leaf extract of yew was slightly brown clear extract. The pH was 5.3$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.012$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.375$\pm$0.05. Also, appearance of stem's extract was slightly brown clear extract, and the pH was 5.4$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.016$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.358$\pm$0.05. Oil of yew separated from seeds, and extracted polysaccharide high purity from fruits. As a result, specific gravity of oil was 0.987, and obtained 40％ of yield. Total polyphenols amount of yew extract is detected 0.563％ in leaves, 0.325％ in stems, whereas total tannins amount contained 0.054％ and 0.037％ each in leaves and stems. As effect in cosmetics, the anti-oxidative effect by DPPH method is 75.0％ in leaves, and stems was 64.0％. Collagen synthesis rate was shown high activity by 54.16％ in stem's extract, 33.18％ in leaves' extract. Also, PPE-inhibitory activities were 13.7％ and 23.5％ each in leaves and stems. Anti-inflammatory effect of yew seed oil displayed superior effect of 41 ％ than control. Polysaccharide's molecular weight that is gotten from fruits was 5$\times$10$^4$~ 3$\times$10$^{5}$ dalton, and got 20.0$\pm$5％ of yield.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.343-356
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• 2003

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb.) chose that grow as medicine, food, decorative plant in Korea's Kyong-Gi province surroundings. Extracts of yew extracted leaf of 250 g and stems of 300 g with 1,3-butylene glycol (1,3-BG), propylene glycol (PG) and water. As results, external appearance of leaf extract of yew was slightly brown clear extract. The pH was 5.3$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.012$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.375$\pm$0.05. Also, appearance of stem's extract was slightly brown clear extract, and the pH was 5.4$\pm$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.016$\pm$0.05, and refractive index was 1.358$\pm$0.05. Oil of yew separated from seeds, and extracted polysaccharide high purity from fruits. As a result, specific gravity of oil was 0.987, and obtained 40% of yield. Total polyphenols amount of yew extract is detected 0.563% in leaves, 0.325% in stems, whereas total tannins amount contained 0.054% and 0.037% each in leaves and stems. As effect in cosmetics, the anti-oxidative effect by DPPH method is 75.0% in leaves, and stems was 64.0%. Collagen synthesis rate was shown high activity by 54.16% in stem's extract, 33.18% in leaves' extract. Also, PPE-inhibitory activities were 13.7% and 23.5% each in leaves and stems. Anti-inflammatory effect of yew seed oil displayed superior effect of 41 % than control. Polysaccharide's molecular weight that is gotten from fruits was 5$\times$10$^4$~3$\times$10$^{5}$ dalton, and got 20.0$\pm$5% of yield.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.185-202
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• 1998

A large number of chemical constituents have been reported from the Himalayan yew [Taxus baccata (Linn) or T. wallichiana (Zucc)]. These constituents are mainly taxoids and phenolics. Taxol, a lead anticancer agent, is the most important constituent. Other compounds have also been found to possess interesting biological properties. The literature concerning the chemistry and bioactivity of the constituents of the Himalayan yew has been briefly reviewed.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 1994

Taxol contents in various parts of 15 years old yew tree were determined. The descending order of taxol content per unit mass was stem bark, root bark, needle and seed. In the seed, that order was seed coat, embryo and endosperm. The total amount of taxol extractable from a 15 years old yew tree was 1.68 gram. This amount was distributed in needle, stem bark, root bark and seeds as 48.0, 23.8, 27.9 and 0.4%, respectively. Altitudinal variation of taxol content was also observed. More taxol was observed in yew trees grown at high altitude over 1000m above sea level. Calli and suspension cultures were induced from various yew trees. The presence of taxo] in cultured cells was established bv HPLC. The taxol content in cultured cells were different according to the source of explants. These results may be useful for the goal of large scale taxol production by cultured yew tree cells.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.122-125
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• 1993

Taxol is the promising diterpene alkaloid with antineoplastic activities. The taxol content in various parts of yew trees in Korea, Mt. Deokyu, Mt. Sobaek, Mt. Taebaek and Suwon area, have been determined. The highest taxol content was observed in yew trees of Mt. Soback. In various parts of trees the taxol content in bark was highest and the taxol content in twig was higher than that in leaves.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 1995

To seek for a stable supply source of taxol as an anticancer agent urgently needed for the treatment of ovarian cancer, the concentrations of taxol and cephalomannine in bark and needles of 37 yew (Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.) trees grown in 6 locations of Cheju Island were analyzed by using HPLC. A considerable variation in the content was observed in plant part and the location. The average taxol content in the needles ($220.3{\;}{\pm}{\;}56{\;}{\mu}g$ per g dry wt) was ca. 4 times hgher than that in the bark, whereas the content of cephalomannine in the needles $(353{\;}{\pm}{\;}141{\;}{\mu}g)$ was ca. 5 times higher than that in the bark. Particularly, even within Cheju Island, needles from trees grown near the coast including Sogwipo area contained much higher taxol contents than needles from trees grown at mountain locations, indicating that taxane level is affected by environmental effects. Taxol in the needles was confirmed by electrospray mass spectrometry. These results suggest that the needles of yew trees growing in Cheju Island may provide a renewable source for taxol.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 2004

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sieb.) chose that grow as medicine, food, decorative plant in Korea's Kyong-Gi province surroundings. Extracts of yew extracted leaf of 250g and stems of 300g with 1,3-butylene glycol (l,3-BG), propylene glycol (PG) and water. As results, external appearance of leaf extract of yew was slightly brown clear extract. The pH was 5.3${\pm}$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.012${\pm}$0.05, and refractive index was l.375${\pm}$0.05. Also, appearance of stem's extract was slightly brown clear extract, and the pH was 5.4${\pm}$0.5, and specific gravity was 1.016${\pm}$0.05, and refractive index was 1.358${\pm}$0.05. Oil of yew separated from seeds, and extracted polysaccharide high purity from fruits. As a result, specific gravity of oil was 0.987, and obtained 40.0% of yield. Total polyphenols amount of yew extract is detected 0.563% in leaves, 0.325% in stems, whereas total tannins amount contained 0.054% and 0.037% each in leaves and stems. As effect in cosmetics, the anti-oxidative effect by DPPH method is 75.0% in leaves, and stems was 64.0%. Collagen synthesis rate was shown high activity by 54.16% in stem's extract, 33.18% in leaves' extract. Also, PPE-inhibitory activities were 13.7% and 23.5% each in leaves and stems. Anti-inflammatory effect of yew seed oil displayed superior effect of 41% than control. Polysaccharide's molecular weight that is gotten from fruits was 5${\times}$10$^4$-3${\times}$10$\^$5/ dalton, and got 20.0${\pm}$5% of yield.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1372-1380
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• 2013

Different endophytic fungi isolated from Himalayan Yew plants were tested for their ability to produce taxol. The BAPT gene (C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain-CoA acetyl transferase) involved in the taxol biosynthetic pathway was used as a molecular marker to screen taxol-producing endophytic fungi. Taxol extracted from fungal strain TBPJ-B was identified by HPLC and MS analysis. Strain TBPJ-B was identified as Fusarium redolens based on the morphology and internal transcribed spacer region of nrDNA analysis. HPLC quantification of fungal taxol showed that F. redolens was capable of producing $66{\mu}g/l$ of taxol in fermentation broth. The antitumour activity of the fungal taxol was tested by potato disc tumor induction assay using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as the tumor induction agent. The present study results showed that PCR amplification of genes involved in taxol biosynthesis is an efficient and reliable method for prescreening taxol-producing fungi. We are reporting for the first time the production of taxol by F. redolens from Taxus baccata L. subsp. wallichiana (Zucc.) Pilger. This study offers important information and a new source for the production of the important anticancer drug taxol by endophytic fungus fermentation.