• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1755-1762
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• 2020

Objective: Thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 alpha (THRSP) has been used to investigate the regulation of de novo lipogenesis because the variation of THRSP mRNA content in the tissue affects directly the ability of that tissue to synthetize lipids. Also, this gene responds to thyroid hormone stimulation and high level of carbohydrate feeding or insulin-injection. This study was carried out to investigate variations within THRSP and their effects on body and carcass weights in Korean native chicken (KNC). Methods: A total of 585 chickens which represent the five lines of KNC (Black, Gray-Brown, Red-Brown, White, and Yellow-Brown) were reared and body weight data were recorded every two weeks from hatch until 20 weeks of age. Polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism, DNA chips for Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, and Fluidigm Genotyping Technology, were applied to genotype selected markers. A linear mixed-effect model was used to access association between these single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and growth-related traits. Results: A total of 30 polymorphisms were investigated in THRSP. Of these, nine SNPs for loci were selected to perform association analyses. Significant associations were detected between g.-49G>T SNP with body weight at 20 weeks of age (BW20), g.451T>C SNP with growth at 10 to 12 weeks of age (GR10-12), and g.1432A>C SNP with growth at 14 to 16 weeks trait (GR14-16) and body weight at 18 weeks of age (BW18). Moreover, diplotype of the THRSP gene significantly affected body weight at 12 weeks of age (BW12) and GR10-12 traits. Diplotype of ht1/ht2 was favorable for BW12 and GR10-12 traits. Conclusion: These results suggest that THRSP can be regarded as a candidate gene for growth traits in KNC.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2007

During 1997 and 1998, a new disease of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was observed on greenhouse-grown plants in Kwangju and Kwangmyung. Lesions on leaves were irregular, small, pale green to black, water-soaked, and 2 to 5 mm in diameter, Coalescing lesions sometimes caused defoliation of older leaves. Isolations made from diseased leaves on yeast extract dextrose calcium carbonate agar yielded nearly pure cultures of a yellow pigmented bacterium typical of a xanthomonad. Two bacterial strains (SL0246 and SL1352) were purified and used for further tests. Pathogenicity of strains was confirmed on 5-week-old lettuce plants injected with bacterial suspensions containing $10^8$ cfu/ml of phosphate buffered saline. The representative Xanthomonas strains isolated from lettuce were compared with a reference strain X. campestris pv, vitians for fatty acid profiles and metabolic fingerprints using GN2 microplate, showing that all outcomes were indistinguishable between the representative and reference strains. This is the first report of bacterial leaf spot and dry rot of lettuce in Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.195-204
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• 2008

Viral diseases are major emerging problems of shrimp that have affected the production, and even complete losses for shrimp farms. In this study, we developed a sensitive TaqMan real-time PCR method to quantify white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and hepatopancreatic parvovirus (HPV) in the shrimp and pond water in which fleshy shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis, and Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, are reared. WSSV and HPV in pond seawaters ranged from $1.65{\times}10^3$ to $2.43{\times}10^9$ and from 0 to $4.43{\times}10^5$ copies/L of seawater, respectively. Of 20 ponds analyzed, all pond water and shrimp were positive for WSSv. L. vannamei showed higher susceptibility to WSSV than F chinensis. HPV was detected only in the pond water for F chinensis. In shrimp tissue, however, HPV was found in both species, with 23-times higher infection rate in F chinensis than L. vannamei. The total bacterial counts in the pond water ranged from $2.23{\times}l0^3$ to $1.98{\times}l0^5\;CFU/mL$. The variations in total bacterial count for each pond appeared to correlate to the variations of the WSSV load. Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the WSSV load in pond water and shrimp, and there was no relationship between total bacterial load and viral load in the pond water. However, a significant difference (P<0.01) was found between HPV load and L. vannamei and F chinensis pond water.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.3 s.114
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• pp.331-345
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• 2006

This study deals with geomorphological process of the sand dune landform including the distribution and surface environments, characteristics of sediments, origins and moving processes in lower reach and mouth delta of Duman River, Northeast Korea and China. The methodology of the study includes image analysis of Landsat TM(1992.10) and ETM(2000.9) and Spot(2005.4) for analysis of land cover, 2 times field survey for recognition of landform and acquisition of sediments raw data materials, and grain analysis and exoscopy about raw data materials. The geomorphic elements from satellite image analysis are composed of the delta, sand spit, active and stable dune, sand bar and riparian vegetated zone. Results of the grain analysis indicate the sediments originated from marine coastal zone than riverine one. This means that present sand dune not so much reflect present climatic and geomorphic environments. Result of the exoscopy analysis show that ratio of quartz, which is comparatively resistant to environment, is highest as $65{\sim}83%$ out of sediments. But the surface of the $30{\sim}40%$ of mineral grains was coated by yellow-colored stained materials, due to chemical weathering. Some grains show rough skin, looking as acicular, network structure and etching pits, affected by physical and chemical weathering.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.180-186
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• 2021

Typical bacterial symptoms, water-soaking brown and black leaf spots with yellow halo, were observed on watermelon seedlings in nursery and field of Gyeongnam and Jeonnam provinces. Bacterial isolates from the lesion showed strong pathogenicity on watermelon and zucchini. One of them was rod-shaped with 4 polar flagella by observation of transmission electron microscopy. They belonged to LOPAT group 1. The phylogenical trees with nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA and multi-locus sequencing typing with the 4 house-keeping genes (gapA, gltA, gyrB, and rpoD) of the isolates showed they were highly homologous to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and grouped together with them, indicating that they were appeared as P. syringae genomospecies group 1. Morphological, physiological, and genetical characteristics of the isolates suggested they are P. syringae pv. syringae. We believe this is the first report that P. syringae pv. syringae caused leaf spot disease on watermelon in the Republic of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.3 s.18
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• pp.101-115
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to introduce the differential standard of the types of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. We established the classificatory standard according to the external and internal morphology and the physicochemistrical pattern for the four types of Aucklandiae Radix. The results follow: 1. At the external shape, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata has rising lenticel and dark brown surface, Its section is light gray and its xylem is yellow gray. Aralia continentalis has big stem mark in upper portion, its section has no dense tissue with yellow gray. Heracleum hemsleyanum has dark brown surface and little lenticel, its cortical layer is white yellow and xylem is isabella and powdered. 2. At the internal shape, Angelica pubescens f. biserrata has phloem with half of the root and rare vessel. Aralia continentalis has phloem with two-thirds of the root and it has broad cutting and putting vessel that formed 1-2 row. Heracleum hemsleyanum also has phloem with half of the root and wide scattered latex tube and many large vessel. 3. At the TLC pattern, Heracleum hemsleyanum has remarkable dark spot at $R_{f}$ 0.23 on the sulphuric acid color pattern test, but others have faint. 4. At the HPLC pattern, all samples have generally patterns. But Angelica pubescens f. biserrata shows diminutive continentalic acid content and the peak at Rt 20.278min comes out on Heracleum hemsleyanum, but do not come out on Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. Heracleum hemsleyanum has remarkable peak at Rt 20.278min, but shows no peak at Rt 29.023min unlike Aralia continentalis or Angelica pubescens f. biserrata. Also Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata show one remarkable peak at Rt 29.023, but Heracleum hemsleyanum do not show. Consequently, Aralia continentalis and Angelica pubescens f. biserrata are comparable whit continentalic acid content and Heracleum hemsleyanum is comparable with the peak at Rt 20.273 and Rt 29.023. So it is thought that content of continentalic acid and the peaks at Rt 20.278 and Rt 29.023 can apply to differentiate a species from other. It is considered the results of this study will be furnished the basis to succeeding studies and it is needed to extensive comparative study for the same genus-degree of relatedness.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1987

In order to elucidate the defence mechanism of Cyprinus carpio nudus to Clonorchis sinensis, clonorchicidal substance in the epidermal mucus of this fish was isolated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography and analyzed for its chemical nature by UV, IR and NMR-spectroscopy. The epidermal mucus of the fish was extracted by ethyl ether and separated into 2 fractions by column chromatography using petroleum ether/chloroform(30/70,v/v) as first solvent and methanol as second solvent. The second fraction with greyish white colour showed clonorchicidal effect. The second was again fractionated into greyish white precipitate and clonorchicidal greenish yellow supernatant fraction, by adding petroleum ether and standing the mixture for 5 days at $5^{\circ}C$. The latter was divided into 7 fractions in column chromatography with acetone/ benzene (10/90, v/v) as carrier. The fraction on equivalent to the spot of Rf. 0.225 value among them disclosed the strongest clonorchicidal effect. By this purification procedure, clonorchicidal substance was purified 154-fold with 0.9% yield from the mucus of the fish, and 10mg of the final fraction killed tne metaceicariae in 22 min. Infra red, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet spectrometric analysis of the purified substance revealed that the substance is linoleic acid. According to the results of the present studies it seemed that this fish could not be proper intermediate host of Clonorchis sixensis, and that defence mechanism of this fish to the worm seems to be correlated with clonorchicidal substance in epidermal mucus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.342-346
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• 2001

The physiological changes in sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) leaves infected with Drechslera sorghicola were investigated through five recognizable stages of disease development. Water-soaked yellowish brown spots developed two days after inoculation, turned brown with yellow halo, enlarged and coalesced at later stages of disease development. Healthy and infected leaves were analyzed for different biochemical constituents. The chlorophyll contents were decreased significantly with the progress of infection. The levels of reducing and total sugars increased while non-reducing sugars decreased to a significant extent with the progress of disease. The concentration of total phenolics, orthodihydroxy phenols, free and glycosidic phenols showed significant changes due to infection, whereas basic and acid phenols showed little or no change with disease development. Levels of phenolic compounds increased four days after inoculation and decrease thereafter, but the concentration was higher at every stage of disease development relative to healthy tissues. Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities increased to varying degrees at different stages of infection. Analysis of protein fractions showed a significant increase with the progress of disease.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2011

In order to detect quarantine plant viruses, we developed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) primer pairs for five single-stranded (ss) plant RNA viruses that are not currently reported in Korea but could be potential harmful plant viral pathogens. Three viruses such as Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), Colombian datura virus (CDV), and Tobacco etch virus (TEV) belong to the genus Potyvirus while Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (CSNV) and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) are members of the genus Tospovirus. To design RT-PCR primers, we used reported gene sequences corresponding to the capsid protein and polyprotein for ChiVMV, CDV, and TEV while using nucleocapsid protein regions for CSNV and IYSV. At least two different primer pairs were designed for each virus. Fifteen out of 16 primer pairs were successfully applied in detection of individual quarantine virus with high specificity and efficiency. Taken together, this study provides a rapid and useful protocol for detection of five quarantine viruses.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1013-1020
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• 2014

Based on the survey of the parks in Tai'an by questionnaire survey, on-the-spot investigation and in-depth interview, the paper analyzes the tendencies of visitors in modern landscape lighting design forms and methods from two terms: primary attributes and the preferences of artistic lighting design. To increase the safety of the parks is a pressing need for visitors. Visitors have a pressing need for increasing the safety of the parks' lighting and artistic quality. Most visitors think the parks' lighting has blind spots and the brightness is not enough. Visitors' night activities in the park will be insecure. As to artistry aspects, people prefer strong artistic style of lamps and lanterns to the common, such as ethnic style and animal image; Tourists prefer to use white light and yellow light to illuminate trees, because these colors make people feel more warm and amiable. This research provides basic data for lighting design of parks.