• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.211-231
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• 2008

To conserve historic textiles, analyses of textile materials, pollutants and deterioration are prerequisite steps. Based upon analytical results, guides for conservation of historic textiles are established. In analyses of textile materials, pollutants and deterioration, there are chemical methods(burning, solubility and staining), physical methods(microscopy and density) and instrumental analysis(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy(FT-Raman), Gas Chromatography(GC), Mass Spectroscopy(MS), X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF, WDXRF), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy(EDS), and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD), Tensile Testing Machine etc.). Combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses makes accurate diagnosis of textile condition possible. As examples of analyses and conservation of historic textiles, Chuninsan(19 century) similar to sunshade with handing down historic textile and golden decorative skirt(17 century) with excavated costume are taken.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2010

Copper oxide thin films were deposited on the p-type Si(100) by r.f. magnetron sputtering as a function of different substrate temperature. The deposited copper oxide thin films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The SEM and SE data show that the thickness of the copper oxide films was about 170 nm. AFM images show that the surface roughness of copper oxide films was increased with increasing substrate temperature. As the substrate temperature increased, monoclinic CuO (111) peak appeared and the crystal size decreased while the monoclinic CuO (-111) peak was independent on the substrate temperature. The oxidation states of Cu 2p and O 1s resulted from XPS were not affected on the substrate temperature. The contact angle measurement was also studied and indicated that the surface of copper oxide thin films deposited high temperature has more hydrophobic surface than that of deposited at low temperature.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.48.1-48.1
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• 2010

Cu has been used for metallic interconnects in ULSI applications because of its lower resistivity according to the scaling down of semiconductor devices. The resistivity of Cu lines will affect the RC delay and will limit signal propagation in integrated circuits. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of electroplated Cu films according to the variation of concentration of organic additives. The plating electrolyte composed of $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$, $H_2SO_4$ and HCl, was fixed. The sheet resistance was measured with a four-point probe and the material properties were investigated with XRD (X-ray Diffraction), AFM (Atomic Force Microscope), FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy). From these experimental results, we found that the organic additives play an important role in formation of Cu film with lower resistivity by EPD.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.316-321
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• 2009

Er-doped ZnO(ZnO:Er) films were deposited onto MgO wafers by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis at 550 $^{\circ}C$ varying the concentration of Er in the deposition source from 0.5 wt% to 3.0 wt%. Annealing of the films in a vacuum was carried out to increase the intensity of ultraviolet(UV) emission from the films. The annealing temperature was between 600$^{\circ}C$ and 800$^{\circ}C$. The crystallographic properties and surface morphology of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM), respectively. The properties of photoluminescence(PL) for the films were investigated by the dependence of PL spectra on the annealing temperature. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was conducted to find the composition change in the films by the annealing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.270-270
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• 2010

4족 반도체 원소 양자점들은 원소가 가지고 있는 반도체적 성질과, 양자점에서 나타나는 quantum confinements 적인 특성 때문에 전자재료나 광학적 분야, 특히 태양전지 분야에서 그 쓰임이 대두되고 있다. 이러한 4족 반도체 원소의 양자점들을 만들기 위한 여러 방법들이 시도되고 있는데, 그 중에서 특히 절연체 박막에 4족 반도체 원소의 양자점들을 만드는 방법에는 이온주입, PVD, 그리고 CVD 를 통한 multi-layer 증착후 열처리 과정을 반드시 포함하는 Stranski- krastanov 방법이 주로 사용되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 고체원소 이온주입이라는 방법을 통해 절연체 박막의 증착과 이온주입이 한 진공용기 내에서 연속공정으로 이루어 지면서, 별도의 열처리 과정 없이 결정화된 게르마늄 양자점을 만들어 보았다. 이는 (X-ray diffraction) XRD와 Raman spectroscopy로 결정화된 게르마늄을 확인할 수 있었으며, (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)XPS 데이터로도 순수한 게르마늄이 표면에서 깊이 방향으로 약 $1,000\;{\AA}$ 만큼 게르마늄 양자점들이 만들어 짐을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 (High resolution transmittance electron microscopy) HRTEM으로 그 양자점의 크기와 분포도 그리고 결정성을 알아 보았다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.159-159
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• 2009

In this work, nitrogen and oxygen functionalities was introduced to the graphite nanofibers (GNFs) and their effect on electrocatalytic performance of the GNF supports for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) was invesigated. The nitrogen and oxygen groups were introduced through the urea treatments and acid treatment, respectively. And, PtRu catalysts deposited on modified GNFs were prepared by a chemical reduction method. The catalysts were characterized by means of elemental analysis, nitrogen adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spetroscopy (XPS). The structure and morphological characteristics of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As a result, the Pt-Ru nanoparticles were impregnated on GNFs with good formation in 3-5 nm. And, the cyclic voltammograms for methanol oxidation revealed that the methanol oxidation peak varied depending on changes of surface functional groups. It was thus considered that the PtRu deposition was related to the reduction of PtRu and surface characteristics of the carbon supports. The changes of surface functional groups were related to PtRu reduction, significantly affect the methanol oxidation activity of anode electrocatalysts in DMFCs.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.627-627
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• 2009

In this work, the activated carbons (ACs) with high porosity were synthesized from pitch by KOH chemical activation. The structure and surface properties of ACs were characterized by means of elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). And, the influence of the KOH-to-pitch ratio on the porosity of the ACs was investigated using the nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result, pitch could be successfully converted into ACs with well-developed micro and mesopores. The specific surface areas and pore volumes were increased with an increase of the KOH-to-pitch ratio. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of KOH led to the transformation of the micropores to the meso- and macropores. In the application to electric double layer capacitors (EDLC), the pitch-based ACs showed a higher capacitance per weight and per volume, and an excellent electrochemical stability in the high voltage region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2011

The aluminum nitride films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering using an AlN ceramic target. The crystallinity, grain size, Al-N bonding and thermal conductivity were investigated in dependence on the plasma power densities (4.93, 7.40, 9.87 W/$cm^2$) during sputtering. High thermal conductivity is important properties of A1N passivation layer for functioning properly in thermal inkjet printhead. The crytallinity, grain size, Al-N bonding formation and chemical composition were observed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The AlN thin film was changed from amorphous to crystalline as the power density was increased, and the largest grain size appeared at medium power density. The near stoichiometry Al-N bonding ratio was acquired at medium power density. So, we know that the AlN thin film had better thermal conductivity with crystalline phase and near stoichometry Al-N bonding ratio at 7.40 W/$cm^2$ power density.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.370-370
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• 2011

ZnO 나노 라드 위에 Quantum dot을 형성하고 최종적으로 TiO2를 Atomic Layer Deposition방법으로 증착하여, 그 passivation 효과가 solar cell의 효율에 미친 영향에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 암모니아 솔루션을 이용한 Hydrothermal 방법으로 수직한 1차원 형태의 ZnO 나노라드를 TCO 기판 위에 성장시킨다. 여기에 잘 알려진 SILAR와 CBD 방법으로 CdS, CdSe 양자점을 증착한다. 그리고 amorphous TiO2로 표면을 덮는 과정을 거치는데, TiO2가 좁은 간격으로 형성된 ZnO라드 구조 위에서 균일하고 정밀하게 증착되도록 하기 위해 Atomic Layer Deposition을 이용하였다. 사용된 precursor는 Titanium isopropoxide와 H2O이며, 실험상에서 0~5 nm 두께의 TiO2 박막을 형성해 보았다. 다양한 분석 방법을 통해 TiO2/QDs/ZnO의 shell-shell-core 구조를 조사했다. (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)). 이를 solar cell에 적용하고 I-V curve를 통해 그 효율을 확인하였으며, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)를 통해서 재결합 측면에서 나타나는 변화 양상을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.303-303
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• 2015

In order to investigate ion release and biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V dental alloy by electrochemical corrosion test and MTT assay, commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy rod (99.99% Ti, USA, Co) were used in the study. The microstructure of the alloys was examined by optical microscopy (OM), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), MTT assay, and corrosion test. From the polarization curves, very low current densities were obtained for Ti-6Al-4V alloys, indicating a formation of stable passive layer.