• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.34-43
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• 2020

Phenylketonuria is a disease caused by congenital defects in phenylalanine metabolism that leads to irreversible nerve cell damage. However, its detection in the early days of life can reduce its severity. Thus, many countries have started disease screening programs for neonates. The present study aimed to determine the worldwide prevalence of classic phenylketonuria using the data of neonatal screening studies.The PubMed, Web of Sciences, Sciences Direct, ProQuest, and Scopus databases were searched for related articles. Article quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Evaluation Checklist. A random effect was used to calculate the pooled prevalence, and a phenylketonuria prevalence per 100,000 neonates was reported. A total of 53 studies with 119,152,905 participants conducted in 1964-2017 were included in this systematic review. The highest prevalence (38.13) was reported in Turkey, while the lowest (0.3) in Thailand. A total of 46 studies were entered into the meta-analysis for pooled prevalence estimation. The overall worldwide prevalence of the disease is 6.002 per 100,000 neonates (95% confidence interval, 5.07-6.93). The meta-regression test showed high heterogeneity in the worldwide disease prevalence (I²=99%). Heterogeneity in the worldwide prevalence of phenylketonuria is high, possibly due to differences in factors affecting the disease, such as consanguineous marriages and genetic reserves in different countries, study performance, diagnostic tests, cutoff points, and sample size.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

Objectives: To obtain the features of prevalence of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome worldwide. Methods: All research reports for prevalence of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome were selected from PubMed, KMbase and KISS database, and the prevalence were analyzed according to the symptoms and countries. Results: A total of 39 articles from 13 other countries and 4 articles from Korea met the criteria of this study. The prevalence of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome was about 10% and 1% respectively. The prevalence for Korean was 17.7% and 1.4% respectively, however the data have a limitation due to the lack of well-designed studies. Conclusions: This report can provide essential information to build a strategy for development of therapeutics against chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome using traditional Korean medicine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.8
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• pp.319-327
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• 2016

Allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, are most common chronic, noncommunicable diseases in childhood. In the past few decades, the prevalence has increased abruptly worldwide. There are 2 possible explanations for the rising prevalence of allergic diseases worldwide, that an increased disease-awareness of physician, patient, or caregivers, and an abrupt exposure to unknown hazards. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Despite the continuing efforts worldwide, the etiologies and rising prevalence remain unclear. Thus, it is important to identify and control risk factors in the susceptible individual for the best prevention and management. Genetic susceptibility or environments may be a potential background for the development of allergic disease, however they alone cannot explain the rising prevalence worldwide. There is growing evidence that epigenetic change depends on the gene, environment, and their interactions, may induce a long-lasting altered gene expression and the consequent development of allergic diseases. In epigenetic mechanisms, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during critical period (i.e., during pregnancy and early life) are considered as a potential cause of the development of childhood allergic diseases. However, the causal relationship is still unclear. This review aimed to highlight the impact of ETS exposure during the perinatal period on the development of childhood allergic diseases and to propose a future research direction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3617-3620
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• 2015

Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with over 500,000 new cases diagnosed annually and 50% mortality rate in Asia. In the United States, approximately 10,370 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed annually, and estimated 3,710 deaths occur from the disease, making it the sixth most common cause of malignancy among American women. This study aims to provide awareness about cervical cancer as well as an updated knowledge about the prevalence and incidence of cervical cancer in Asia.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2011

Objectives : Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be increasing and becoming a health-related issue worldwide. This study aimed to analyze its prevalence and characterize NAFLD. Methods : NAFLD-related papers were surveyed via PubMed and in Korean medical journals, and then the prevalence and pathology were reviewed. Results : The prevalence of NAFLD in the general population is around 10~30% worldwide. The prevalence of NAFLD in Korea is estimated as 15~30%, which is higher than in China and Japan. The most important etiological-factors of NAFLD include central obesity resulting from excessive calorie intake and less physical activity, which lead to adiponectin hypoactivity and insulin resistance. The Oriental medicine view point of NAFLD pathology is phlegm-dampness by dysfunction of free flow in liver. Conclusions : This study provided an overview of the prevalence and pathology of NAFLD, and can support the development of a strategy for traditional Korean medicine-based prevention or treatment of NAFLD.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2018

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT; OMIM 208900) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with onset in early childhood. AT is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in ATM (OMIM 607585) on chromosome 11q22. The average prevalence of the disease is estimated at 1 of 100,000 children worldwide. The prevalence of AT in the Republic of Korea is suggested to be extremely low, with only a few cases genetically confirmed thus far. Herein, we report a 5-year-old Korean boy with clinical features such as progressive gait and truncal ataxia, both ankle spasticity, dysarthria, and mild intellectual disability. The patient was identified as a compound heterozygote with two novel genetic variants: a paternally derived c.5288_5289insGA p.(Tyr1763*) nonsense variant and a maternally derived c.8363A>C p.(His2788Pro) missense variant, as revealed by next-generation sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Based on claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Republic of Korea, we calculated the prevalence of AT in the Republic of Korea to be about 0.9 per million individuals, which is similar to the worldwide average. Therefore, we suggest that multi-gene panel sequencing including ATM should be considered early diagnosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2022

The prevalence of developmental disabilities is increasing worldwide over time. Developmental issues in infancy or early childhood may cause learning difficulties or behavioral problem in school age, further adversely affecting adolescent quality of life, which finally lead to low socioeconomic status in family, increase in medical expenses, and other relevant issues in various ways. Early childhood has brain plasticity, which means there is a high chance of recovering from developmental issues by early detection and timely intervention. Pediatricians are placed an ideal position to meet with young children till 6 years of age, of which age range is the time applicable to early intervention. Determining child's developmental status can be made by 2 pathways such as developmental surveillance and developmental screening tests. For better results, pediatricians should update their knowledge about developmental issues, risk factors, and screening techniques through varying educational program or other relevant educating materials. This paper will update reports on the prevalence of developmental disabilities and review the recent results of the Korean developmental screening test and discuss relevant issues. Finally, it will be addressed the pediatrician's role in early detecting developmental issues and timely intervention.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4015-4023
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• 2013

Cancer of the cervix is the third most common cancer in women worldwide, more than 85% of the cases occurring in developing countries such as China. In China, since a national cancer registry is already set up but with geographically limited data generated, the burden of cervical cancer is believed to be underestimated. High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) prevalence among women attending routine cervical cancer screening programs has been shown to correlate well with cervical cancer incidence rates based on independently obtained HPV prevalence data as well as findings for the worldwide cervical cancer burden. Therefore, reviewing data on HR-HPV prevalence in population-based screening studies and hospital-based case studies will be important in the context of better understanding the cervical cancer burden and for the evaluation of the potential impact of HPV vaccination in the country. With the advent of prophylactic vaccines, significant progress is likely to be made in cervical cancer prevention. This article reviews available data on the HPV epidemiology over a 12-year time period (2001-2012) in mainland China under different epidemiological aspects: by age group of study population, by ethnicity, by geographic area, as well as time period. The authors also review the potential acceptability of HPV vaccination among Chinese women.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2016

Duck circovirus (DuCV) has been recognized as a contagious immunosuppressive virus affecting many duck species worldwide. To determine the prevalence of DuCV infection in ducks, we investigated 104 samples collected from 50 duck farms in Jeonbuk province with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among collected samples, 40 (38.5%) were positive for DuCV. The prevalence of DuCV PCR-positive samples increased with age. Genomic sequences of 15 DuCV strains were determined and compared with previously available DuCV sequences in public databases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all strains were clustered into DuCV-1 group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.114-122
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• 2010

Today, effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is to be strengthened worldwide. And environment-friendly vehicle is being magnified because of energy saving and minimization of environmental pollution. In the future, the construction of EV charging facilities will be needed for Prevalence of EV in the Public Housing. So in this paper, we survey and analyze data of power usage and owned vehicles on the existing public housing according to season, day and time. And, we reviewed appropriate configuration ratio according to three kind of case. Besides, we calculate Prevalence Estimates of EV and utilization factor based on analysis result. And finally, we try to study for case model.