• IE interfaces
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2012

In the postal delivery service, both the standardization of business process and the workload measurement is very important part of saving the cost and improving the efficiency. However, these are not easy to apply to real situation because of the labor-intensive and diversification of delivery environment. In this study, we develop the methodology for the standardization of business process and workload measurement model of the postal delivery service. Firstly, we introduce the work factor analysis on the postal delivery process. Then, we propose the methodology workload measurement model based on diversification of delivery environment.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

In this paper, we consider a general discrete-time queueing system with D-BMAP(discrete-time batch Markovian arrival process) and D-policy. An idle single server becomes busy when the total service times of waiting customer group exceeds the predetermined workload threshold D. Once the server starts busy period, the server provides service until there is no customer in the system. The steady-state workload distribution is derived in the form of generating function. Mean workload is derived as a performance measure. Simulation is also performed for the purpose of verification and a simple numerical example is shown.

• IE interfaces
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.435-446
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• 2011

Performance measures play a critical role in formulating mail delivery strategies and evaluating actual results. Nevertheless, the existing method and corresponding system to determine the standard workloads of mailmen is developed without careful consideration of real delivery environments and various requirements of mailmen. Hence, the current system is insufficient for optimal management of workloads and shows substantial gaps when compared to the results of actual work-site. This study considers how to improve the current workload management system of mailmen. We first performed the as-is analysis of the mail delivery service and then developed a prototype of advanced delivery workload management system. The to-be system consists of five subsystems which can be grouped into three categories; master data management, workloads management, performance analysis. Our results can be a valuable guide for the development of real system for measuring and balancing the workloads of mailmen.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2004

We present a simple approach to finding the stationary workload of M/G/1 queues having generalized vacations and exhaustive service discipline. The approach is based on the level crossing technique. According to the approach, all that we need is the workload at the beginning of a busy period. An example system to which we apply the approach is the M/G/1 queue with both multiple vacations and D-policy.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 1983

While three subjects were running on treadmill at five different speeds, their heart beat interval times were measured and analyzed. From the analysis, we discovered some relation- ships between workload and cardiac response, especially cardiac arrhythmia. Using these relationships, a physioligical model for estimating workload was developed. Although pulse rate has been considered as a good measure of physical load, this study shows that it is highly subject dependent and therefore unsuitable for task evalution. It is recommended to use range of heart beat interval times rather than pulse rate in the evaluation of light work.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-120
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the manual workload in repetitive wrist and finger motion. To evaluate manual workload, angular displacement of the joint, EMG of the muscle and subjective rating were studied. Both wrist motion and finger motion were studied. A screw-driving task was used for the wrist motion experiment. A keyboard typing task was used for the finger motion experiment. All finger joint angles and wrist angles were measured by an angle-measuring glove($CyberGlove^{TM}$, Virtual Technologies, Inc.). Surface EMG was recorded from FCU muscle and FDS muscle simultaneously with the angle measurement. Subjective ratings of exertion were also recorded using the modified Borg's CR-10 scale. Repetition rates of 0.5, 1, 2 motions per second were used with each task. As a result, manual workload increased with increasing repetitiveness. Peak spectral magnitude and frequency components corresponded closely with joint angular displacement amplitudes and repetition rates. Results of the correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlation among EMG, frequency-weighted motion and subjective measurement. Both EMG and frequency-weighted filtering showed consistent workload estimation with increasing task frequency. Subjective ratings showed slight over-estimation of the workload as the task frequency is increased.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.139-145
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• 2017

PURPOSES : This study analyzed the difference in a driver's workload between using a driving simulator and field driving in tunnel, highway. METHODS : Based on the literature review, it was found that a driver's workload could be quantified using biosignals. This study analyzed the biosignal data of 30 participants using data collected while they were using a driving simulator and during a field test involving tunnel driving. Relative energy parameter was used for biosignal analysis. RESULTS : The driver's workload was different between the driving simulator and field driving in tunnels, highway. Compared with the driving simulator test, the driver's workload exhibited high value in field driving. This result was significant at the 0.05 level. The same result was observed before the tunnel entrance section and 200 m after the entrance section. CONCLUSIONS : This study demonstrates the driving simulator effect that drivers feel safer and more comfortable using a driving simulator than during a field test. Future studies should be designed considering the result of this study, age, type of simulator, study site and so on.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2013

Objective: In this study, virtual reality was adopted to consider ergonomic factors in yacht design. Virtual human which is the same actual human was created in virtual environment using Digital Human Modeling which has been used in the manufacturing communities to design better workplaces and maximize the safety of workers. Background: During the past 40 years yachting has expanded from being, generally speaking, a minority sport - too expensive for the large majority of people - into a major recreational activity practiced by millions all over the world. Many new yacht designs have appeared and number of professional, as well as amateur designers has increased steadily. But they had not considered ergonomic factors in yacht design. Method: Worker's posture, traffic line and workload had been analyzed in sailing yacht. After the caution level was evaluated, we pointed out clues which had high workload and interference. To reduce workload, we applied ergonomic principles for improving working conditions and environments in Digital Human Model. Results: We found the space problems and workload of postures. Conclusion: (1) Unnatural posture of crews was sustained. (2) Workload that occurs in the human body was overloaded. (3) Crew's work space was very narrow. Application: This study will be applied the new ergonomic design of yacht.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.11
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• pp.461-470
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• 2013

This paper proposes high speed kernel data collection method for analysis of memory workload, using technique of direct access to process's memory management structure. The conventional analysis tools have a slower data collection speed and they are lack of scalability due to collection only formalized memory information. The proposed method collects kernel data much faster than the conventional methods using technique of direct collect to process's memory information, page table, page structure in the memory management structure, and it can collect data which user wanted. We collect memory management data of the running process, and analyze its memory workload.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

As size of genomic data is increasing rapidly, the needs for high-performance computing system to process and store genomic data is also increasing. In this paper, we captured I/O trace of a system which analyzed 500 million sequence reads data in Genome analysis pipeline for 86 hours. The workload created 630 file with size of 1031.7 Gbyte and deleted 535 file with size of 91.4 GByte. What is interesting in this workload is that 80% of all accesses are from only two files among 654 files in the system. Size of read and write request in the workload was larger than 512 KByte and 1 Mbyte, respectively. Majority of read write operations show random and sequential patterns, respectively. Throughput and bandwidth observed in each processing phase was different from each other.