• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.263-273
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• 2022

Purpose: Translation and adaptation involve cross-cultural and conceptual aspects; they are not simply based on linguistic equivalence. This study aimed to produce a conceptually equivalent Korean version of the motor activity log (K-MAL) for the upper extremities that can be applied across the Korean population and its cultures. Methods: Following the procedures used in the translation of other cross-cultural evaluation tools, and the five steps of the translation process, the motor activity log (MAL) was translated into Korean (K-MAL). We then examined the content validity of the K-MAL. Twenty-two rehabilitation professionals (11 males and 11 females, mean length of clinical career = 101.54 months) assessed the content validity of the K-MAL. The content validity ratio and content validity index were used to verify the content validity. Results: There were inconsistencies found in three sub-items in the MAL during the forward translation process. These inconsistencies were corrected, and the complete K-MAL was produced. The exact critical values of the content validity ratio and the content validity index of the K-MAL were 0.45-0.95 and 0.77-1.00, respectively. Conclusion: The K-MAL was successfully developed using a systematic methodology, which included translation, adaptation, and evaluation of the content validity. We expect that stroke rehabilitation professionals working in both clinical and research settings will apply the K-MAL when evaluating the amount and quality of use of the upper extremities in post-stroke patients in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2023

Purpose : This study was conducted to identify the common characteristics of older persons with sarcopenia and to explore the relationship between gait, balance, and stress using an integrated assessment tool. Methods : In this study, 95 people aged 65 years or older were screened using the sarcopenia diagnostic evaluation algorithm presented by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019. Skeletal muscle index, grip strength, and short physical performance battery were used as sarcopenia evaluation measurements. Based on the results of this evaluation, participants were grouped into the 'non-sarcopenia group' (41 participants) or the 'sarcopenia group' (54 participants). Participants underwent further assessment using an integrated evaluation tool capable of measuring gait, balance, and stress. Gait ability was evaluated using the timed up and go test, and balance ability was evaluated using the berg balance scale. And the stress of the last month was measured by modifying the stress index developed by a Korean researcher. Collected data were statistically analyzed using the independent t-test and Mann Whitney-U test. Results : The sarcopenia group and the non-sarcopenia group showed significant differences in all elements of the sarcopenia diagnostic evaluation. There were significant differences in all three integrated evaluation tools. For the evaluation of walking ability, the time measured in the timed up and go test was longer in the sarcopenia group, the berg balance scale score for the evaluation of balance ability was lower in the sarcopenia group, and the stress index was higher in the sarcopenia group. Conclusion : Through sarcopenia analysis using an integrated evaluation tool, it was confirmed that sarcopenia is closely related to decreased walking ability, poor balance, and increased stress. We recommend using this tool to reduce the risk of sarcopenia progression and stress exposure through the planning and implementation of an exercise program for sarcopenia prevention.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.321-328
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• 2016

This study seeks the applicable value for contemporary multiculturalism based on the women (Hagar, Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, A great woman who lives in Shunem, A nameless servant girl) of the Old Testament who experienced migration. The article critiques uses of scripture that emphasize the roles of the women in the household. It provides a new interpretation through the perspective of feminist criticism, narrative criticism, and reader-response criticism. The article introduces the examples of six migrant women who created peace with people around them through their positive roles despite the fact that women had limited function under patriarchal society at that time. It suggests, while recognizing the difference regarding race, gender, and class between migrants and non-migrants, women and men, that they should not be used as the tools of discrimination. Furthermore, through these women from the Bible, the reader may find role models of independent women who are working for peace and social justice.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.877-885
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• 2022

Vision-based activity recognition has been widely attempted at construction sites to estimate productivity and enhance workers' health and safety. Previous studies have focused on extracting an individual worker's postural information from sequential image frames for activity recognition. However, various trades of workers perform different tasks with similar postural patterns, which degrades the performance of activity recognition based on postural information. To this end, this research exploited a concept of human-object interaction, the interaction between a worker and their surrounding objects, considering the fact that trade workers interact with a specific object (e.g., working tools or construction materials) relevant to their trades. This research developed an approach to understand the context from sequential image frames based on four features: posture, object, spatial features, and temporal feature. Both posture and object features were used to analyze the interaction between the worker and the target object, and the other two features were used to detect movements from the entire region of image frames in both temporal and spatial domains. The developed approach used convolutional neural networks (CNN) for feature extractors and activity classifiers and long short-term memory (LSTM) was also used as an activity classifier. The developed approach provided an average accuracy of 85.96% for classifying 12 target construction tasks performed by two trades of workers, which was higher than two benchmark models. This experimental result indicated that integrating a concept of the human-object interaction offers great benefits in activity recognition when various trade workers coexist in a scene.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.273-288
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• 2022

This study first classifies and organizes provisions on institutional arrangements (or IAs) and dispute settlement mechanism(or DSM) in a digital trade agreement. Then it conducts a case study on seven major digital trade agreements: the CPTPP, the USJDTA, the USMCA, the ASDEA, the RCEP, the KSDPA, and the DEPA. And it finally derives implications for Korea to improve implementation of DTAs by communicating better and resolving disputes efficiently with the help of IAs and DSM-related provisions. IAs of a digital trade agreement can be defined as a set of agreements on the division of the respective responsibilities of agencies involved in implementing and enforcing the agreement, including committees, working groups, or contact points. DSM of a digital trade agreement includes consultation, mediation, arbitration, and establishment of a panel. Comparing six FTAs with an e-commerce chapter, the CPTPP, the USMCA, and the RCEP contain the most advanced type of IA provisions while the CPTPP, the USMCA, the RCEP, and the KSDPA have that of DSM provisions. Korea is its initial stage as it has only signed the KSDPA with Singapore as well as it is about to launch a new digital trade negotiation for the DEPA, the CPTPP, and even the IPEF, it is necessary to engage in negotiations with a clearer position on behalf of Korean digital companies. As provisions on IAs and DSM are important policy tools that can reflect industry concerns and convey proposals in inter-governmental dialogue, a Korean draft of the IAs and DSM-related provision should be prepared in advance.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.160-170
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of death anxiety and perceived end-of-life care competencies on the fear of terminal care among clinical nurses. Methods: This correlational study was conducted from June to July 2021. The study included 149 clinical nurses employed at a tertiary hospital and seven other hospitals. The measurement tools used in this study were the Thanatophobia Scale (Cronbach's α=0.87), the Death Anxiety Scale (Cronbach's α=0.80), and the Scale of End-of-life Care Competencies (Cronbach's α=0.94). These instruments were chosen to assess the levels of fear of terminal care, death-related anxiety, and competencies in end-of-life care. Results: The mean score for fear of terminal care was 3.32±1.32. Differences in fear of terminal care were observed based on the working unit, position, number of patients requiring terminal care, and experience with end-of-life care education. Fear of terminal care was significantly positively correlated with death anxiety and significantly negatively correlated with end-of-life care competencies. In multiple regression analysis, the factors influencing fear of terminal care were attitudes toward end-of-life care competencies (𝛽=-0.39, P<0.001), death anxiety (𝛽=0.24, P<0.001), knowledge of end-of-life care competencies (𝛽=-0.22, P=0.005), and behaviors related to end-of-life care competencies (𝛽=-0.16, P=0.021). These factors explained 64.6% of the total variance (F=25.54, P<0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that developing nurses' end-of-life care competencies and reducing death anxiety are crucial for managing the fear of terminal care. Therefore, providing end-of-life care education and psychological support programs is important.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.213-220
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• 2011

In the current construction industry where various stakeholders take part, BIM Data exchange using standard format can provide a more efficient working environment for related staffs during the life-cycle of the building. Currently, the formats used to exchange the data from 3D-CAD application to structure energy analysis at the design stages are IFC, the international standard format provided by IAI, and gbXML, developed by Autodesk. However, because of insufficient data compatibility, the BIM data produced in the 3D-CAD application cannot be directly used in the energy analysis, thus there needs to be additional data entry. The reasons for this are as follows: First, an IFC file cannot contain all the data required for energy simulation. Second, architects sometimes write material names on the drawings that are not matching to those in the standard material library used in energy analysis tools. DOE-2.2 and Energy Plus are the most popular energy analysis engines. And both engines have their own material libraries. However, our investigation revealed that the two libraries are not compatible. First, the types and unit of properties were different. Second, material names used in the library and the codes of the materials were different. Furthermore, there is no material library in Korean language. Thus, by comparing the basic library of DOE-2, the most commonly used energy analysis engine worldwide, and EnergyPlus regarding construction materials; this study will analyze the material data required for energy analysis and propose a way to effectively enter these using semantic web's ontology. This study is meaningful as it enhances the objective credibility of the analysis result when analyzing the energy, and as a conceptual study on the usage of ontology in the construction industry.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1497-1513
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• 2021

The diagnostic and treatment methods of multiple myeloma (MM) have been rapidly evolving owing to advances in imaging techniques and new therapeutic agents. Imaging has begun to play an important role in the management of MM, and international guidelines are frequently updated. Since the publication of 2015 International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria for the diagnosis of MM, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or low-dose whole-body computed tomography (CT) and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT have entered the mainstream as diagnostic and treatment response assessment tools. The 2019 IMWG guidelines also provide imaging recommendations for various clinical settings. Accordingly, radiologists have become a key component of MM management. In this review, we provide an overview of updates in the MM field with an emphasis on imaging modalities.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.358-367
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• 2023

Background: This study aimed to develop and assess the psychometric features of the Physical Activity at Workplace Questionnaire (PAWPQ) based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) to evaluate employees' physical activity (PA) behaviors at the workplace. Methods: This psychometric cross-sectional study was conducted on 455 employees working in one of the gas refineries in Iran. The participants were selected using the proportional stratified sampling method in 2019. The data collection tools were a demographic information questionnaire, the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and a questionnaire developed based on the SCT, whose psychometric features were confirmed in terms of validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS₂₂ and AMOS₂₀ software. Results: The first version of PAWPQ-SCT had 74 items. After evaluating content and face validity, nine items were removed. The results of the content validity index (0.98), content validity ratio (0.86), and impact score (3.62) were acceptable for the whole instrument. In exploratory factor analysis, after removing seven items-58-item final version of the scale-six factors could explain 73.54% of the total variance. The results of structural equation modeling showed the acceptable fit of the model into the data (RMSEA = 0.052, CFI = 0.917, NFI = 0.878, TLI = 0.905, IFI = 0.917, CMIN/DF = 2.818). Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Intraclass Correlation were 0.90 and 0.86, respectively. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the psychometric features of the 58-item final version of PAWPQSCT constructs were acceptable in a sample of Iranian employees. This questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool to evaluate Iranian employees' PA behaviors and develop effective educational interventions for workers and managers.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.135-142
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• 2024

Biomedical imaging technologies refer to imaging techniques used in biological research and medical technology that are essential for exploring biological processes, structures, and conditions. They also play a crucial role in the early diagnosis of diseases and the development of treatments. Optical imaging technologies, in particular, are the most widely used and actively researched in biological studies. The major obstacles to technological advancement are the limitations in resolution and light penetration depth. Recently, many technologies have been studied to overcome these limitations using metamaterials. These are materials that can freely manipulate the properties of light through the regular arrangement of nanostructures and have established themselves as innovative tools in the imaging field. This article aims to provide a detailed introduction to the working principles and key applications of these technologies.