• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2009

국내 방사선 및 방사성 동위원소 신고사업장 피폭실태를 조사하여 안전보건 관리방안 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제시한다. 153개 사업장 근로자를 surveymeter로 선량률(작업공간, 작업자위치)을 측정하였고, 27개 사업장은 thermal luminescence dosimeter(TLD)로 개인노출 농도(표층선량, 심부선량)를 측정하였다. Surveymeter에 의한 업종별[소방방재업(n=10), 금융보험업(n=3), 기타사업장(n=140)] 측정결과, 세 군 간에 차이가 있었다(p<0.000). 소방방재업과 금융보험업의 작업자위치 선량률은 허가사업장 기준인 10.0 ${\mu}Sv$/hr보다 높았고, 기타업종과 비교하여 109.3배(p<0.000), 187.5배(p<0.000) 각각 높게 나타났다. TLD 심부선량 농도[소방방재업(n=10), 기타 사업장(n=17)]는 소방방재업이 기타업종과 비교하여 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). Surveymeter와 TLD 측정결과 간의 관련성 분석에서는, 작업공간과 작업자위치 선량률(r=0.406, p<0.05), 작업자위치 선량률과 표층선량(r=0.453, p<0.05), 작업자위치 선량률과 심부선량(r=0.553, p<0.01), 표층선량과 심부선량(r=0.927, p<0.001)간에 각각 관련이 있었다. 방사선 및 방사선동위원소 신고사업장인 소방방재업과 금융보험업은 법적 관리구역 재설정을 통한 허가사업장으로의 전환은 방사선 취급 종사자의 안전보건을 위하여 매우 시급하다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2005

목적: 지하에 위치한 방사선치료 관련시설 내의 실내공기 질은 근무자뿐만 아니라 장기간 치료받는 환자들의 건강에도 중요하다. 저자들은 근무자들의 빌딩증후군 증상유무의 확인과 함께 실내공기 질과 관련된 여러 인자들을 측정, 분석하여 그 원인을 찾고 해결책을 제시하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 근무자들을 대상으로 자각증상 및 근무환경 인식과 관련된 설문조사를 하였고, 예비조사를 바탕으로 실내공기 질과 관련된 항목들(온 습도, 미세먼지, 이산화탄소, 일산화탄소, 포름알데히드, 총휘발성유기화합물, 라돈)에 대해 근무자들이 주로 머무르는 지역들을 중심으로 일정기간 측정하였다. 아울러 환기(공조) 시스템의 효율 및 주변 환경에 대한 평가를 동시에 진행하였으며, 실외공기와의 비교평가를 위해 1층(실외)에서도 같은 항목들을 측정하였고, 측정 자료들은 국내외 환경관련 기관들의 권고 수치를 기준으로 각각 평가하였다. 결과: 설문조사에서 근무자들은 악취, 습도, 먼지 등에 대해 불만족을 보였으며, 근골격계 증상, 신경계 증상, 점막 자극 증상 등을 주로 호소하였다. 대부분의 실내공기 질 관련 항목들은 기준치를 넘지 않았으나 총휘발성유기화합물 수치가 기존 미국 사무실 측정 수치에 비해 $3{\sim}4$배 높게 나왔다. 환기 횟수나 환기량에서는 문제가 없었으나 실외공기 유입구와 실내공기 배출구의 위치 문제로 인해 오염된 공기의 유입 가능성이 있었다. 총휘발성유기화합물을 배출할 수 있는 현상액과 같은 화학물질의 관리에 주의가 필요했으며, 오염된 공기의 재유입 문제를 해결하기 위해 환기 시스템의 위치조정이 시급한 상황이었다. 결론: 저자들은 실내공기 질에 대한 평가에서 일부 화학물질 및 부적절한 환기 시스템으로 인해 근무자들이 주관적인 증상을 호소할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 지하 공간에서 장시간 거주하는 근무자들의 근무여건 개선과 함께 면역저하를 동반한 환자들의 건강관리를 위해 실내공기 질에 대한 평가는 반드시 필요하며, 그 자료를 바탕으로 향후 방사선종양학과의 설계나 기존 시설의 환경개선 등에 적극적으로 이용해야 하겠다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2006

This study purposed to investigate air pollution in car shipping yards and, for this purpose, we selected an outdoor open-air yard and an indoor ramp into the ship and measured the concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10, PM2.5 and heavy metals in the air. The results of this study are as follows. No significant difference was observed in temperature and humidity between the outdoor and indoor workshop, and the average air flow was 0.52 m/s in the indoor workshop, which is higher than 0.19 m/s in the outdoor workshop(p<0.01). The average concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10 and PM2.5 according to workplace were 0.03 ppm(${\pm}0.01$), 0.03 ppm(${\pm}0.01$), 0.46 ppm(${\pm}0.22$), $39.44{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}2.45$) and $5.45{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}1.15$) respectively in the outdoor workshop, and 0.15 ppm(${\pm}0.05$), 0.22 ppm(${\pm}0.06$), 8.85 ppm(${\pm}3.35$), $236.39{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}58.21$) and $152.43{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}35.42$) respectively in the indoor workshop. Thus, the concentrations of gaseous substances in the indoor workshop were 4.9-19.2 times higher than those in the outdoor workshop, and the concentrations of fine dusts were 5.9-27.9 times higher(p<0.01). In addition, according to the result of investigating pollutant concentrations according to displacement and the number of car loaded when shipping gasoline cars into the ship, no significant relation between the number of cars loaded and pollutants was observed in shipping passenger cars, but the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide got somewhat higher with the increase of the number of cars loaded(p<0.05). In addition, the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10 and PM2.5 in the air were significantly higher when shipping recreational vehicles, the displacement of which is larger than passenger cars, than when shipping passenger cars(p<0.01). On the other hand, the average heavy metal concentrations of the air in indoor workshop were: lead $-0.05{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.10$); chromium $-0.90{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.18$); zinc $-0.38{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.24$); copper $-0.18{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.22$); and manganese and cadmium not detected. In addition, the complaining rates of 'asthma,' a major symptom of chronic respiratory diseases, were 18.5% and 22.5% respectively in indoor workers and outdoor workers. Thus the rate was somewhat higher in indoor workers but the difference was not statistically significant. The complaining rates of 'chronic cough' and 'chronic phlegm' were very low and little different between indoor and outdoor workers. The results of this study show that the reason for the higher air pollution in indoor than in outdoor workshop is incomplete combustion of fuel due to sudden start and over-speed when cars are driven inside the ship. In order to prevent high air pollution, efficient management measures should be taken including the observance of the optimal speed, the improvement of old ships and the installation of efficient ventilation system.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the level of radon in the air at a highway tunnel construction site in a gneiss area using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) and to evaluate exposure levels by occupation. Methods: Radon concentrations in the air were measured using E-PERM at points 300 m, 600 m, and 900 m from the tunnel entrance during the excavation and waterproofing work inside the tunnel. In addition, radon concentrations were measured during external excavation to compare with the inside of the tunnel. Personal exposure levels for major occupations including tunnel workers, construction equipment operators, waterproofers, shotcrete workers, and safety and health managers who participated in the construction were estimated using radon concentration measured in the work process area and working hours by occupation. Results: As a result of a total of 77 radon measurements, the geometric mean (GM) concentration was 71.1 Bq/m³, and the maximum concentration was 127.3 Bq/m³, which was below the indoor air quality criteria. Radon concentration by process decreased in the order of the tunnel excavation process (GM= Bq/m³, GSD=1.2), waterproofing process (GM=73.35 Bq/m³, GSD=1.2), and outside excavating process (GM=45.28 Bq/m³, GSD=1.2). Processes inside the tunnel were significantly higher than outside excavating processes (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in radon concentration measured inside by distance from the tunnel entrance, but the innermost point of the tunnel, 900 m (GM=79.24 Bq/m³, GSD=1.27), measured the highest. Conclusions: The occupation with the highest individual exposure to radon was tunnel worker (64.16 Bq/m³), followed by construction equipment driver (64.04 Bq/m³) and waterproofer (63.13 Bq/m³).

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2023

연구목적: 고용노동부에서는 사업장 내 화재·붕괴 등의 대형재난이 발생하면 사업장 대규모 인적사고 위기관리 표준매뉴얼에 근거하여 재난을 관리하고 있다. 현재 운용중인 표준매뉴얼을 점검하고 미흡한 항목에 대해 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법:이에 따라, 재난관리 매뉴얼 내·외부 전문가, 본부·지방관서의 재난업무 담당자 등과 함께 표준매뉴얼을 점검하였고 우선적으로 개선해야 할 항목을 도출하였다. 연구결과: 붕괴사고의 경우에는 재난관리 주관부처 선정의 논란을 제거하기 위해 행정안전부에서 선정기준을 정확히 제시할 필요가 있으며, 인파밀집사고의 경우에는 표준매뉴얼 보다는 행동·실무 매뉴얼에 구체적으로 반영하여 유사시 근로자 대피 안전성을 확보해야 할 것이다. 이 외에도 재난안전 통신망 운영 및 대피요령에 대해 상세한 내용의 추가 보완이 필요해 보인다. 결론: 향후에도 국민의 눈높이에 부응하는 재난관리 제도 개선을 위해서 해당 분야별 전문가, 재난업무 담당자, 그리고 일반시민 등의 의견수렴을 통해 근로자의 생명과 안전을 보장하고 좀 더 현장감 있는 사업장 대규모 인적사고 위기 관리 표준매뉴얼 마련을 기대한다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.17.1-17.6
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• 2023

The current 52-hour workweek in South Korea consists of 40 hours of regular work and 12 hours of overtime. Although the average working hours in South Korea is declining, it is still 199 hours longer than the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development average of 1,716 hours per year. In view to this, the South Korean government has now proposed to reform the workweek, mainly intending to increase the workweek to 69 hours when the workload is heavy. This reform, by increasing the labor intensity due to long working hours, goes against the global trend of reducing work hours for a safe and healthy working environment. Long working hours can lead to increased cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, industrial accidents, mental health problems, and safety accidents due to lack of concentration. In conclusion, the Korean government's working hour reform plan can have a negative impact on workers' health, and therefore it should be thoroughly reviewed and modified.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1215-1224
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• 2008

This research has measured the indoor environment of thirty hair salons, which are located on Gunsan-Si, Jeonlabbuk-Do, from April 1st to April 30th 2005, to examine the related factors on a work environment of hairdressers and a revelation of respiratory symptom, and has polled 260 hairdressers and 350 office workers. After measuring the physical environment of hair salons, the room temperature, the relative humidity and the illumination was in an agreeable range, and 60 percent of hair salons depended on the natural ventilation through the windows. The levels of acetone, toluene and xylene, which were measured at the hair salons, were all under the safety standards (p<0.05), but these are still harmful and volatile matters, so they can be bad for your health by the contact of skin and respiration. The harmful factors that affect a revelation of respiratory symptom were the group who has many exposures of permanent wave or bleaching/dyeing and not many experiences of hairdressing work, the group who smokes every day, and the group who never exercises at all (p<0.05). This result shows that there are possibilities of health problem for hairdressers from the constant and repeating hairdressing works with the exposure of chemicals such as the permanent, bleaching and dyeing. so that hairdressers recognize that they need appropriate ventilation facilities for their agreeable indoor-environments. And also, to prevent the direct exposure of chemicals as much as they can, they need to have an active management of an individual health care by wearing gloves, mask or something like that.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2006

직무만족도 전체에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 근무지와 직위이었으며, 근무지에 따른 직무만족요인 문항별 만족도에서 내적요인의 적성, 능력발휘, 직무수행능력, 책임감, 장래성과 외적요인의 신뢰감, 협동심, 존경심, 월급여, 생활정도와 조직적 요인의 승진시기, 승진기회, 승진원칙에 따라 만족도의 유의한 차이가 있었다. 방사선사의 직무만족을 위해서는 근무지와 직위에 따른 근무환경 등을 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2014

Objectives: Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and insecticide in tobacco leaves. Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is known as a disease of acute nicotine intoxication among tobacco farmers. Until now, GTS has been recognized globally as a disease that results from nicotine absorption through the skin. However, we assumed that GTS might also result from nicotine inhalation as well as absorption. We aimed to measure the airborne nicotine concentrations in various work environments of Korean tobacco farmers. Methods: We measured the nicotine concentrations in the tobacco fields, private curing barns, and joint curing barns of farmers from July to October 2010. All sampling and analyses of airborne nicotine were conducted according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health manual of analytic methods. Results: The airborne nicotine concentrations (geometric mean [geometric standard deviation]) in the tobacco field were $83.4mg/m^3$ (1.2) in the upper region and $93.3mg/m^3$(1.2) in the lower region. In addition, the nicotine concentration by personal sampling was $150.1mg/m^3$. Similarly, the nicotine concentrations in the private curing barn, workers in curing barns, the front yard of the curing barn, and in the joint curing barn were $323.7mg/m^3$(2.0), $121.0mg/m^3$(1.5), $73.7mg/m^3$(1.7), and $610.3mg/m^3$(1.0), respectively. Conclusions: The nicotine concentration in the workplaces of tobacco farmers was very high. Future studies should measure the environmental concentration of nicotine that is inhaled by tobacco farmers.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.314-323
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• 2006

This study was conducted to identify ingredients of thinners and to confirm reliability of material safety data sheets (MSDS) of thinners for public and workers' health. The 41 thinner products were collected from paint shops located in Busan and Gyeongnam province. The 12 thinner products among them were identified using product MSDS. GC-MSD was used to analyze 41 kinds of thinners qualitatively and quantitatively. The 12 products MSDS were compared with thinner's component through qualitative analysis to confirm MSDS. Chemical ingredients, such as Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene etc., of thinners were analysed in quantity. The 41 thinner products contained 17 disclosed specific, trade name, or generically described chemical solvent ingredients. These 17 ingredients came under 6 classes: alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, glycol ethers, ketones, and mixtures. These 17 ingredients were important in the view of industrial hygiene and had occupational exposure limit in the ambient, such as toluene, xylene, acetone, nonane, EGEE, heptane, cumene, MIBK, indene, tri-methyl benzene, etc, were found in 41 kinds of thinners. Aromatic hydrocarbons were the most identified ingredient in thinners. Especially, the benzene, which induces leukemia, was found in 4 kinds of thinners. The content rates of benzene in thinners were 0.25~1.18%. The benzene in enamel thinner, which were 0.39~0.72%, was highest from chemical classification. The contents of toluene, which was found from 27 kinds of thinners, were 5.35~64.16%, which were highest in sobu thinner as 58.80%. Xylene was found from 22 kinds of thinners and contents of xylene were 4.61~72.42%. Acrylic thinner's contents of xylene were 12.06~51.05%, which was most high. It was found that contents of benzene were increased and frequency of detection was decreased through comparison with other study. The MSDS possession rate of paint shops was low as 29.27%. So it did not provide information with public or workers. Mean of agreement rate between MSDS and components of thinners through qualitative analysis was 42.01% and it has wide range from 8.3% to 75%. There are many deficiencies in MSDS about component of thinners. In some case of sample, expecially, despite containing benzene, information was not written it on MSDS.