• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2019

Cobots are industrial robots with greatly enhanced safety functions that enable them to work in the same space with workers without protector. Cobots are regulated by the Industrial Safety and Health Act and must be certified according to the manufacturing stage, installation stage and usage stage. The ISO 10218-2 standard applied in the installation phase is difficult to apply in the field. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a risk assessment method based on ISO 12100 standard. This paper proposes a new methodology that combines 'JSA' and 'What-if', which reflects the human error and the lack of known risk factors. Accordingly, a new risk assessment template was proposed and the effectiveness of the developed new template was examined. The current cobot safety regulations need to be unified with safety inspections scheme, and robot safety experts and infrastructures need to be expanded and Robot safety regulations should be unified to 'Robot Act'. Based on this research, risk assessment methods suitable for the field need to be developed additionally, and robot safety regulation needs to be transformed to promote the industry.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2003년도 ISIS 2003
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• pp.28-31
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• 2003

In the present work, a main purpose is to propose a fuzzy integral-based aggregation framework to complementarily combine partial information due to lack of completeness. Based on Choquet integral (CI) viewed as monotone expectation, we take into account complementary, non-interactive, and substitutive aggregations of different sources of defective information. A CI-based system representing upper, conventional, and lower expectations is designed far handling three aggregation attitudes towards uncertain information. In particular, based on Choquet integrals for belief measure, probability measure, and plausibility measure, CI$\_$bi/-, CI$\_$pr/ and CI$\_$pl/-aggregator are constructed, respectively. To illustrate a validity of proposed aggregation framework, multiple matching systems are developed by combining three simple individual template-matching systems and tested under various image variations. Finally, compared to individual matchers as well as other traditional multiple matchers in terms of an accuracy rate, it is shown that a proposed CI-aggregator system, {CI$\_$bl/-aggregator, CI$\_$pl/-aggregator, Cl$\_$pl/-aggregator}, is likely to offer a potential framework for either enhancing completeness or for resolving conflict or for reducing uncertainty of partial information.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.17-19
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• 2010

In this work, the optimized process condition of chemical solution deposition which is used to planarize the surface of the metal tape (which is used to grow IBAD-MgO texture template) was investigated. $Y_2O_3$ films were dip-coated on the surface of the unpolished metal tape as the seed and barrier layer. The effects of $Y_2O_3$ concentration of the solution (0.5wt.%, 1.3wt.%, 2.8wt.%, 5.6wt.%) and the number of coatings on the surface morphology and barrier capability against the diffusion from the metal tape were examined. The surface morphology and the thickness of the film were observed using the scanning electron microscope and the atomic force microscope. The presence of elements in metal tape on the film surface was analyzed using the auger electron spectroscopy. The $Y_2O_3$ film thickness increases with increasing the $Y_2O_3$ concentration in the solution, and the surface became smoother with increasing the number of coating cycles. The best result was obtained from the $Y_2O_3$ film coated 4 cycles using 2.8wt.% solution.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.333-345
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• 2007

최근 기업에서의 생산물류 과정은 각 공정의 진척상황과 생산실적, 품질정보 등을 실시간으로 수집하기 위하여 작업일지에 생산현황을 수기로 기록하거나, 바코드(Bar-code)를 주로 활용하고 있으며, 이는 작업자의 기록을 일일이 확인하거나, 작업자가 일일이 바코드 스케너로 판독해야하는 부가적인 작업을 필요로 한다. 이때 고의나 실수로 인하여 데이터의 정확성이 떨어지게 되고, 이는 시스템 전체의 신뢰성 문제가 발생하게 되며, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 최근 자동인식 분야에서 각광을 받고 있는 RFID를 도입하고 있다. RFID는 무선통신기술을 사용하여 대상물체에 직접 접촉하지 않고도 해당 정보를 판독하거나 기록할 수 있는 자동식별 기술로서, 최근 EPCglobal의 RFID 태그표준인 Gen2 및 EPCIS 표준이 제정됨으로써 전산업으로 확산될 전망이다. 본 논문에서는 EPCIS확장모형을 중심으로 MES개선을 위해 제조물류 흐름을 분석하는 RFID식 Modeling Notation을 제안하고, 제조업의 EPCISEvent Template을 제안하였다.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.70-94
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• 2005

The IC packaging industry heavily relies on shop floor information, necessitating the development of a model to flexibly define shop floor information and timely handle manufacturing data. This study presents a novel data model of product manufacturing flow to define shop floor information to effectively respond to accelerated developments in IC package industry. The proposed data model consists of four modules: operation template setup, general process setup, enhanced bill of manufacture (EBOMfr) setup, and work-order process setup. The data model can flexibly define the required shop floor information and decision rules for shop floor product manufacturing flow, allowing one to easily adopt changes of the product and on the shop floor. However, to handle floor dynamics of the IC packaging industry, this work also proposes a WIP (i.e. work-in-process) system for monitoring and controlling the product manufacturing flow on the shop floor. The WIP system integrates the data model with a WIP execution module. Furthermore, an illustrative example, the MIRL WIP System, developed by Mechanical Industrial Research Laboratories of Industrial Technology Research Institute, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

The work environment of locomotive cabs has long been an important issue in the design of railload systems since it is quite critical in terms of system's operational safety. It is getting more attention as the running speed of the trains goes up these days. To this end, this paper describes how to systematically construct a DB for the requirements set in the course of the improvement process for the aforementioned cab work environment. As a solution approach, we have adopted the requirement architecture concept to cover the whole activities required to do such as in requirements generation, DB construction, change management, and traceability management. Specifically, based on the requirement architecture framework a requirement process to collect requirements for improvement is discussed, and the guide lines are suggested for verification and validation of the developed requirements. In addition, a base schema and requirements templates are developed, which will be used in generating requirements and constructing a DB. Finally, it is demonstrated how the requirements DB for locomotive cabs can be constructed using a computer-aided tool in an integrated fashion.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2018

Students and other new readers of modernist poetry often experience difficulty with the influential early work of Ezra Pound. Although these typically brief poems may appear (deceptively) simple, an understanding of the relationship between Imagism and Vorticism is crucial to reading-or teaching-them effectively, which in turn requires significant familiarity with relevant poetics theories as well as representative poems. This essay clarifies the complex relations Imagism and Vorticism as two distinct styles that are too often conflated to the detriment of an accurate understanding of either one (and, in consequence, of the later modernist poetry that builds on their discoveries). In order to elucidate the modernists' justification of free verse over traditional metrical composition, I begin with an elaboration of T. E. Hulme's 1911 theory of the "cheerful, dry, and sophisticated" modern classicism on which both Imagism and Vorticism were largely predicated, developing Hulme's important distinction between the version of classicism that is "static" (and gives rise to Imagism) and the one that is "dynamic" (and leads to Vorticism and beyond it). In the following two sections, I draw upon and synthesize a broad range of Pound's own poetics statements to reveal the evolution of first sound ("melopoeia") and then the image ("phanopoeia") throughout his early work. Although the body of this article is analytical and historical in nature, it concludes with a practical template prompt for a creative response assignment, appropriate to undergraduate and graduate students, designed to help new readers recognize for themselves how Vorticist art works and why it matters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.276-280
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• 2007

In this work, caffeine and some catechin compounds + C, EC, EGC, and EGCG were extracted from green tea by using molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) as sorbent materials in a solid-phase extraction (SPE) process known as MISPE (molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction). For synthesis of MIP, caffeine was employed as the template, MAA as the monomer, EGDMA as the crosslinker, and AIBN as the initiator. A solution of caffeine (0.2 mg/mL in methanol) was utilized in the solid extraction cartridges following loading, washing, and elution procedures with acetonitrile, methanol, and methanol-acetic acid (90/10, %v/v) as the solvents, respectively. This solid-phase extraction protocol was applied for the extraction of caffeine and some catechin compounds from green tea. A comparison was made between the results obtained with the MIP cartridges and a traditional C18 reversed-phase cartridge. It was thereupon found that the recovery of caffeine by the MIPbased sorbent used in this work was almost two and four times greater than that by a commercially available C18 material. A quantitative analysis was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 column (5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm) with methanol/water (40/60, %v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2014

In this work, we present the theoretical formulation, operator split solution procedure and partitioned software development for the coupled thermomechanical systems. We consider the general case with nonlinear evolution for each sub-system (either mechanical or thermal) with dedicated time integration scheme for each sub-system. We provide the condition that guarantees the stability of such an operator split solution procedure for fully nonlinear evolution of coupled thermomechanical system. We show that the proposed solution procedure can accommodate different evolution time-scale for different sub-systems, and allow for different time steps for the corresponding integration scheme. We also show that such an approach is perfectly suitable for parallel computations. Several numerical simulations are presented in order to illustrate very satisfying performance of the proposed solution procedure and confirm the theoretical speed-up of parallel computations, which follow from the adequate choice of the time step for each sub-problem. This work confirms that one can make the most appropriate selection of the time step with respect to the characteristic time-scale, carry out the separate computations for each sub-system, and then enforce the coupling to preserve the stability of the operator split computations. The software development strategy of direct linking the (existing) codes for each sub-system via Component Template Library (CTL) is shown to be perfectly suitable for the proposed approach.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2010

Hybridization of semiconductor materials with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a recent field of interest in which new nanodevice fabrication and applications are expected. In this work, nanowire type GaAs structures are synthesized on porous single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as templates using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique. The field emission properties of the as-synthesized products were investigated to suggest their potential applications as cold electron sources, as well. The SWCNT template was synthesized by the arc-discharge method. SWCNT samples were heat-treated at $400^{\circ}C$ under an $N_2/O_2$ atmosphere to remove amorphous carbon. After heat treatment, GaAs was grown on the SWCNT template. The growth conditions of the GaAs in the MBE system were set by changing the growth temperatures from $400^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$. The morphology of the GaAs synthesized on the SWCNTs strongly depends on the substrate temperature. Namely, nano-crystalline beads of GaAs are formed on the CNTs under $500^{\circ}C$, while nanowire structures begin to form on the beads above $600^{\circ}C$. The crystal qualities of GaAs and SWCNT were examined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. The field emission properties of the synthesized GaAs nanowires were also investigated and a low turn-on field of $2.0\;V/{\mu}m$ was achieved. But, the turn-on field was increased in the second and third measurements. It is thought that arsenic atoms were evaporated during the measurement of the field emission.