• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The current study examined English-speaking adult learners' production and perception of L2 Korean stops (/t/ or /t'/ or /t^h/) to investigate whether the two modalities are linked in utilizing voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) for the L2 sound distinction and how the learners' L2 proficiency mediates the relationship. Twenty-two English-speaking learners of Korean living in Seoul participated in the word-reading task of producing stop-initial words and the identification task of labelling CV stimuli synthesized to vary VOT and F0. Using logistic mixed-effects regression models, we quantified group- and individual-level weights of the VOT and F0 cues in differentiating the tense-lax, lax-aspirated, and tense-aspirated stops in Korean. The results showed that the learners as a group relied on VOT more than F0 both in production and perception (except the tense-lax pair), reflecting the dominant role of VOT in their L1 stop distinction. Individual-level analyses further revealed that the learners' L2 proficiency was related to their use of F0 in L2 production and their use of VOT in L2 perception. With this effect of L2 proficiency controlled in the partial correlation tests, we found a significant correlation between production and perception in using VOT and F0 for the lax-aspirated stop contrast. However, the same correlation was absent for the other stop pairs. We discuss a contrast-specific role of acoustic cues to address the non-uniform patterns of the production-perception link in the L2 sound learning context.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

This study aimed to examine how Korean-English bilinguals make use of VOT and F0 cues in perception and production of Korean (lenis vs. aspirated) and English (voiced vs. voiceless) stops. It was explored whether bilinguals with extensive experience living in the U.S. exhibit native-like or interactive patterns in the cue use for both languages. Participants produced monosyllabic word-initial stops within a carrier sentence in each language, and performed forced-choice identification tasks with synthesized stimuli varying in 7 VOT steps and 7 F0 steps with base tokens of /$t^han$/ for Korean and /$t{\ae}n$/ for English. Listeners were required to select either /tan/ or /$t^han$/ for Korean and either /$d{\ae}n$/ or /$t{\ae}n$/ for English. The results from binary logistic regression analyses for each listener indicated that all bilinguals placed greater weight on F0 than VOT when distinguishing between the Korean lenis and aspirated stops, and greater weight on VOT than F0 in distinguishing between the English voiced and voiceless stops. In terms of production, all participants showed remarkably overlapping ranges in the VOT dimension and separating ranges in the F0 dimension for the stop contrast of Korean, while forming overlapping ranges in the F0 dimension and separating ranges in the VOT dimension for the stop contrast of English. These results indicate that the bilinguals with extensive exposure to L2 manage the stop systems of the two languages independently, both in perception and production, employing the opposite cue use for stops in the two languages. It was also found that the absolute beta-coefficient values of the perceptual cues for Korean stops were generally smaller than those for English and those reported in a previous study as for later bilinguals, which may have resulted from Korean not being their dominant language.

• 음성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2006

This study examined the acoustic properties of initial stops in Korean, produced by Korean native speakers and English Korean learners. The productions of Korean native speakers were compared with those of beginners and advanced learners of Korean. Fundamental frequency(F0) and Voice Onset Time(VOT) were measured in condition of one or two syllable words, containing word-initial lenis, fortis, and aspirated stops. English Korean Learners showed that they produced stops with relatively shorter VOT and lower F0, compared with those of Korean native speakers. In case of the manner of articulation, English Korean learners have production difficulties in order of lenis stops, aspirated stops, and fortis stops. In regard to the place of articulation, English Korean learners showed production troubles in order of labial stops, velar stops, and alveolar stops. In the experiment of perception, it is hard for English Korean learners to distinguish stops of lenis and aspirated. Therefore, the results of production experiment were almost consistent with those of the perception experiment. Finally, according to both groups of proficiency, the results demonstrated that the advanced learners produce or perceive Korean stops easier than the beginners.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

The discipline of terminology is based on its own theoretical principles and consists primarily of the following aspects: analysing the concepts and concept structures used in a field or domain of activity, identifying the terms assigned to the concepts, in the case of bilingual or multilingual terminology, establishing correspondences between terms in the various languages, creating new terms, as required. The word properties has syntax, morphology and orthography. The syntax is that how words are put together. The morphology is consist of inflection, derivation, and compounding. The orthography is spelling. Otherwise, the terms of TKM(Traditional Korean Medicine) is two important element of visual character and phonetic notation. A visual character consist of spell, sort words, stop words, etc. For example, that is a case of sort words in which this '다한', '한다', '多汗', '汗多' as same. A phonetic notation consist of palatalization, initial law, etc. For example, that is a case of palatalization in which this '수족랭', '수족냉', '手足冷', '手足冷' as same. Therefore, to enlarged reference terminology is a method by term's normalization. For such a reason, TKM's terms of normalization is necessary.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2017

주식 시장은 거래자들의 기업과 시황에 대한 기대가 반영되어 움직이기에, 다양한 원천의 텍스트 데이터 분석을 통해 주가 움직임을 예측하려는 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 주가의 움직임을 예측하는 것이기에 단순히 주가의 등락 뿐만이 아니라, 뉴스 기사나 소셜 미디어의 반응에 따라 거래를 하고 이에 따른 수익률을 분석하는 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 주가의 움직임을 예측하는 연구들도 다른 분야의 텍스트 마이닝 접근 방안과 동일하게 단어-문서 매트릭스를 구성하여 분류 알고리즘에 적용하여 왔다. 문서에 많은 단어들이 포함되어 있기 때문에 모든 단어를 가지고 단어-문서 매트릭스를 만드는 것보다는 단어가 문서를 범주로 분류할 때 기여도가 높은 단어들을 선정하여야 한다. 단어의 빈도를 고려하여 너무 적은 등장 빈도나 중요도를 보이는 단어는 제거하게 된다. 단어가 문서를 정확하게 분류하는 데 기여하는 정도를 측정하여 기여도에 따라 사용할 단어를 선정하기도 한다. 단어-문서 매트릭스를 구성하는 기본적인 방안인 분석의 대상이 되는 모든 문서를 수집하여 분류에 영향력을 미치는 단어를 선정하여 사용하는 것이었다. 본 연구에서는 개별 종목에 대한 문서를 분석하여 종목별 등락에 모두 포함되는 단어를 중립 단어로 선정한다. 선정된 중립 단어 주변에 등장하는 단어들을 추출하여 단어-문서 매트릭스 생성에 활용한다. 중립 단어 자체는 주가 움직임과 연관관계가 적고, 중립 단어의 주변 단어가 주가 상승에 더 영향을 미칠 것이라는 생각에서 출발한다. 생성된 단어-문서 매트릭스를 가지고 주가의 등락 여부를 분류하는 알고리즘에 적용하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 종목 별로 중립 단어를 1차 선정하고, 선정된 단어 중에서 다른 종목에도 많이 포함되는 단어는 추가적으로 제외하는 방안을 활용하였다. 온라인 뉴스 포털을 통해 시가 총액 상위 10개 종목에 대한 4개월 간의 뉴스 기사를 수집하였다. 3개월간의 뉴스 기사를 학습 데이터로 분류 모형을 수립하였으며, 남은 1개월간의 뉴스 기사를 모형에 적용하여 다음 날의 주가 움직임을 예측하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 중립 단어 활용 알고리즘이 희소성에 기반한 단어 선정 방안에 비해 우수한 분류 성과를 보였다.