• 제목/요약/키워드: woody biomass

검색결과 108건 처리시간 0.026초

Anaerobic Fermentation of Woody Biomass Treated by Various Methods

  • Nakamura, Yoshitoshi;Mtui, Godliving
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.179-182
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    • 2003
  • Anaerobic fermentation was attempted to produce methane from the wood chip (Eucalyptus globulus). By the pretreatment of the wood chip using hot water with high temperature, NaOH, and steam explosion, the production of methane gas was enhanced. The pretreatment using Steam explosion resulted in more amount of methane gas produced than the treatment using either hot water or 1% (w/w) NaOH with high temperature, and the steam explosion at a steam pressure of 25 atm and a steaming time of 3 min was the most effective for the methane production. The amount of methane gas produced depended on the ratio of weight of Klason lignin, a high molecular weight lignin, in the treated wood chip.

목질계 Biomass의 변환 이용(III) - 폭쇄처리재의 산소·알칼리법에 의한 용해용 펄프의 제조 - (Conversion of Woody Biomass for Utilization(III) - The Preparation of Dissolving Pulp by Oxygen·Alkali Method from Exploded Wood -)

  • 임부국;양재경;이종윤
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.68-74
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    • 1997
  • This research was studied dissolving pulp for rayon production, which is not KP, SP methods but steam explosion and oxygen alkali treatment. The variation of characterization in wood cellulose after steam explosion and oxygen alkali treatment this follows. In the oxygen alkali treatment of exploded pine wood, yield of dissolving pulp was lower than steam-exploded oak wood, and we have obtained dissolving pulp that high purity cellulose, but degree of polymerization was inclined to decrease less than 200. In the case of steam-exploded oak wood, degree of polymerization was higher than steam-exploded pine wood but purity of cellulose was lower than its.

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The Effects of Silvopastoral Practice on Changes of Understory Vegetation in a Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi) Plantation

  • Kang, Sung Kee;Kim, Ji Hong
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제96권2호
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    • pp.151-159
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    • 2007
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of thinning on changes in stand characteristics and understory vegetation in a silvopasture practiced Japanese larch plantation in the Research Forest of Kangwon National University, Korea. Three different thinning intensities (64%, 35%, and control) were applied. Before and after thinning, the understory plant species increased its number from 48 (7 tree species, 7 shrubs species, 28 herbaceous species, and 6 woody climbers) to 100 (11 tree species, 15 shrub species, 67 herbaceous species, and 7 woody climbers). Thinning made plants invade easily on the forest floor, and plot A (325 stems/ha) had much higher number of undersory species than those Of plot B (575 stems/ha) and control plot (1,150 stems/ha). In three years after thinning, understory aboveground biomass (kg/ha) of herbs were 523 for control, 1,230 for plot B, and 1,288 for plot A. The canopy coverage had remarkable influence on the understory biomass production, resulting in relatively small amount of herbage production on control plot. The differences were statistically significant between thinned plots and unthinned plot, but there were no significant differences among the thinned plots (p<0.05).

하천연변에 식재된 3년생 포플러 클론의 지상부 biomass의 질소 저장능력 추정추정 (Nitrogen Storage Potential in Aboveground Biomass of Three-year-old Poplar Clones in a Riparian Area)

  • 여진기;이원우;구영본;우관수;변재경
    • 농업생명과학연구
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2010
  • 수변완충림으로 조성된 3년생 포플러 4클론에 대하여 biomass 생산능력과 주요 비점오염원 중 하나인 질소의 저장능력을 조사하였다. 현사시 72-31 및 미루나무 교잡종 Dorskamp 클론의 지상부 biomass 구성 비율은 줄기, 가지, 잎의 순으로 높았으며, 잎과 가지의 비율은 두 클론간에 차이를 보였다. 지상부 biomass의 질소 함량은 잎, 가지, 줄기의 순으로 높았고 72-31 클론의 잎과 가지의 질 소함량은 Dorskamp에 비해 높았으나 줄기의 질소 함량은 낮게 나타났다. 3년생 Ay48 클론의 지상부 biomass 추정량은 $37.5ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ 로 가장 높았으며, 72-31 클론이 가장 낮았다. 3년생 포플러 클론의 지상부 biomass의 질소 저장능력은 biomass 생산량의 순위와 일치하였다. 지상부 biomass 생산능력이 가장 우수한 3년생 Ay48 클론은 $218.3kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$의 질소를 지상부 biomass에 저장할 수 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

천연가스와 바이오매스로부터 개선된 DME 공정의 개발 (Development of Innovation DME Process from Natural Gas and Biomass in KOREA)

  • 조원준;송택용;백영순;김승수
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.107-107
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    • 2010
  • Hydrogen is an alternative fuel for the future energy which can reduce pollutants and greenhouse gases. Synthesis gas have played an important role of synthesizing the valuable chemical compound, for example methanol, DME and GTL chemicals. Renewable biomass feedstocks can be potentially used for fuels and chemical production. Current thermal processing techniques such as fast pyrolysis, slow pyrolysis, and gasification tend to generate products with a large slate of compounds. Lignocellulose feedstocks such as forest residues are promising for the production of bio-oil and synthesis gas. Pyrolysis and gasification was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and bubbling fluidized bed gasification reactor to utilize forest woody biomass. Most of the materials decomposed between $320^{\circ}C$ and $380^{\circ}C$ at heating rates of $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C/min$ in thermogravimetric analysis. Bubbling fluidized bed reactor were use to study gasification characteristics, and the effects of reaction temperature, residence time and feedstocks on gas yields and selectivities were investigated. With increasing temperature from $750^{\circ}C$ to $850^{\circ}C$, the yield of char decreased, whereas the yield of gas increased. The gaseous products consisted of mostly CO, CO2, H2 and a small fraction of C1-C4 hydrocarbons.

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펄프 용재의 경제적 활용을 위한 펠릿 대체 원료 탐색

  • 김성호;김철환;안병일;이지영;;박현진;김경철;심성웅;강태우;조후승
    • 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.289-296
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    • 2011
  • Recently, much of forest biomass has been obtained from the national forest management operation. Unfortunately, Korean Forest Services has a plan to use this forest biomass as energy fuels for wood pellets. Considering unhappy situation that about 80% of wood pulps has been imported, it is regarded as unwise decision. If forest biomass can be used to make pulps or other valuable woody products, we are able to double its economic value than the raw materials for wood pellets. In this study, we explored alternative raw materials for wood biomass used to make wood pellets. For this, fresh technology such as torrefaction was applied with the other lignocellulosic biomass.

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자기가수분해 처리가 산업용 대마 목부 바이오매스의 효소 당화에 미치는 영향 (Enzymatic saccharification of autohydrolyzed industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) lignocellulosic biomass)

  • 신수정;유주현;이수민;조남석
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.74-76
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    • 2008
  • Autohydrolysis at different temperature levels was applied as industrial hemp pretreatment technique for glucose generation. Main structural components removed by autohydrolysis was xylan, which is more sensitive in acidic hydrolysis condition than cellulose or lignin. Higher temperature reaction conditions promoted more biomass components (xylan) removal than lower temperature, which led to better respond to enzymatic saccharification of residual biomass after autohydrolysis. With $185^{\circ}C$ and 60 min, saccharification degree was 53.0% of cellulose in hemp woody core biomass.

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반탄화 과정이 바이오매스 연료의 구조 및 연소성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Torrefaction Process on the Structure and Combustion of Biomass Fuel)

  • 정종원;김경민;야누아르 유디 이스워로;전충환
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.280-291
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    • 2018
  • Torrefaction is one of the methods to increase combustion calorific value and hydrophobicity of biomass. In this study, the effects of torrefaction on devolatilization, char reactivity and biomass structure were analyzed. Empty fruit bunch (EFB) and Kenaf biomass were used as fuels to be torrefied in the N2 environment at 200, 250 and $290^{\circ}C$. Devolatilization and char kinetics were analyzed by using TGA and biomass structure was investigated through petrography image. The reactivity showed different trends depending on the torrefaction temperature and biomass structure. The herbaceous biomass, Kenaf, was shown as high reactivity and thin wall structure. On the contrary, the woody biomass, EFB, had relatively low reactivity and thick wall structure.

Analyses and trends of forest biomass in higher Northern Latitudes

  • Tsolmon, R.;Tateishi, R.;Sambuu, B.;Tsogtbayar, Sh.
    • 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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    • pp.965-967
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    • 2003
  • Information on forest volume, forest coverage and biomass are important for developing global perspectives about CO$_{2}$ concentration changes. Forest biomass cannot be directly measured from space yet, but remotely sensed greenness can be used to estimate biomass on decadal and longer time scales in regions of distinct seasonality, as in the north. Hence, in this research, numerical methods were used to estimate forest biomass in higher northern regions. A regression model linking Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), to forest biomass extracted from SPOT/4 VEGETATION data and PAL 8km data in regional and continental area (N40-N70) respectively. Statistical tests indicated that the regression model can be used to represent the changes of forest biomass carbon pools and sinks at high latitude regions over years 1982-2000. This study suggests that the implementation of estimation of biomass based on 8-km resolution NOAA/AVHRR PAL and SPOT-4/VEGETATION data could be detected over a range of land cover change processes of interest for global biomass change studies.

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바이오매스 가스화장치를 이용한 합성가스 생산에 있어서 연료조건의 영향 (Effects of Biomass Fuel Conditions on Biomass Ossification)

  • 홍성구
    • 한국농공학회논문집
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    • 제48권3호
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2006
  • A downdraft gasifier was made of stainless steel for biomass gasification. Internal reactor had a 300 mm diameter and 8 air intakes. Three thermocouples were installed to measure the temperature inside the reactor. Three different biomass fuels were provided in the experiments to find out the effects of fuel conditions on gasification processes; charcoals, woodchips, and mixture of woodchip and charcoals. Two different experiments were conducted fer charcoal experiments, small and larger sizes of charcoal fuels. It took about 10 minutes after ignition to generate combustible producer gas when charcoal was f9d, but 20 or more minutes for woodchips. When the gasification was stabilized, the highest temperature was observed just below the combustion zone. The air flow rate for woodchip experiment was provided at 25% of a stoichiometric requirement of combustion, which was within the range of typical air flow rate fer woody biomass gasification. Carbon monoxide concentrations were also within the values reported in the previous studies, ranging 20 to 30% depending on fuel types. It could be seen that fuel size and heating value were very important parameters in biomass gasification. These parameters should be taken into account in operating and designing biomass gasifiers.